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The Modulation and Elimination of Temporal Organization in Free Recall

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Title: The Modulation and Elimination of Temporal Organization in Free Recall
Language: English
Authors: Min Kyung Hong, Jordan B. Gunn, Lisa K. Fazio, Sean M. Polyn (ORCID 0000-0003-4461-3565)
Source: Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 2024 50(7):1035-1068.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 34
Publication Date: 2024
Sponsoring Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF)
Contract Number: 1756417
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: College Students, Memory, Recall (Psychology), Retention (Psychology), Time Perspective, Proximity, Context Effect, Personal Autonomy, Learner Controlled Instruction
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001311
ISSN: 0278-7393
1939-1285
Abstract: Experiences occur in a continual succession, and the temporal structure of those experiences is often preserved in memory. The temporal contiguity effect of free recall reveals the temporal structure of memory: when a particular item is remembered, the next response is likely to come from a nearby list position. This effect is remarkably robust, appearing across a wide variety of methodological variations of the task. The temporal contiguity effect is also central to retrieved-context models, which propose temporal organization arises from the interaction of a temporal context representation with the contents of memory. Across six experiments, we demonstrate methodological manipulations that dramatically modulate and even eliminate temporal organization in free recall. We find that temporal organization is strongly modulated and in some cases potentially eliminated by strong semantic structure, the presence of retrieval practice, and a long list length. Other factors such as orienting task, paired-associate item structure, and retention interval duration have more subtle effects on temporal organization. In an accompanying set of simulations, we show that the modulation and elimination of the temporal organization follows lawful patterns predicted by the context maintenance and retrieval (CMR) retrieved-context model. We also find cases where CMR does not specifically predict the modulation of temporal organization, and in these cases our analysis suggests how the theory might be developed to account for these effects.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/rcft4
Entry Date: 2024
Accession Number: EJ1433905
Database: ERIC
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  Data: The Modulation and Elimination of Temporal Organization in Free Recall
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Min+Kyung+Hong%22">Min Kyung Hong</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jordan+B%2E+Gunn%22">Jordan B. Gunn</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lisa+K%2E+Fazio%22">Lisa K. Fazio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sean+M%2E+Polyn%22">Sean M. Polyn</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4461-3565">0000-0003-4461-3565</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Experimental+Psychology%3A+Learning%2C+Memory%2C+and+Cognition%22"><i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition</i></searchLink>. 2024 50(7):1035-1068.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 34
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  Data: 2024
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  Data: National Science Foundation (NSF)
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  Data: 10.1037/xlm0001311
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  Data: 0278-7393<br />1939-1285
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Experiences occur in a continual succession, and the temporal structure of those experiences is often preserved in memory. The temporal contiguity effect of free recall reveals the temporal structure of memory: when a particular item is remembered, the next response is likely to come from a nearby list position. This effect is remarkably robust, appearing across a wide variety of methodological variations of the task. The temporal contiguity effect is also central to retrieved-context models, which propose temporal organization arises from the interaction of a temporal context representation with the contents of memory. Across six experiments, we demonstrate methodological manipulations that dramatically modulate and even eliminate temporal organization in free recall. We find that temporal organization is strongly modulated and in some cases potentially eliminated by strong semantic structure, the presence of retrieval practice, and a long list length. Other factors such as orienting task, paired-associate item structure, and retention interval duration have more subtle effects on temporal organization. In an accompanying set of simulations, we show that the modulation and elimination of the temporal organization follows lawful patterns predicted by the context maintenance and retrieval (CMR) retrieved-context model. We also find cases where CMR does not specifically predict the modulation of temporal organization, and in these cases our analysis suggests how the theory might be developed to account for these effects.
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  Data: https://osf.io/rcft4
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  Data: 2024
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  Data: EJ1433905
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1433905
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        Value: 10.1037/xlm0001311
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      – Text: English
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        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Recall (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Retention (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Time Perspective
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      – SubjectFull: Learner Controlled Instruction
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      – TitleFull: The Modulation and Elimination of Temporal Organization in Free Recall
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