Evaluating Sleep in Autism Using CSHQ and CSHQ-Autism -- A Perspective through the Cultural Lens
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| Title: | Evaluating Sleep in Autism Using CSHQ and CSHQ-Autism -- A Perspective through the Cultural Lens |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Nishant Prabhakaran, Ann Moncy Maria, Roopa N, Sowmyashree Mayur Kaku (ORCID |
| Source: | Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2024 54(12):4761-4764. |
| Availability: | Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/ |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 4 |
| Publication Date: | 2024 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Descriptors: | Sleep, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children, Anxiety, Behavior, Cultural Influences, Separation Anxiety, Infant Mortality, Foreign Countries |
| Geographic Terms: | India |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10803-024-06564-3 |
| ISSN: | 0162-3257 1573-3432 |
| Abstract: | The Child Sleep Hygiene Questionnaire (CSHQ) and its adapted version for autistic children, known as CSHQ-Autism, have gained recognition as essential tools for studying pediatric sleep patterns. 67 autistic children were evaluated using these questionnaires. 52 children screened positive on the CSHQ while 18 were screened positive on the CSHQ-Autism. Notably, both tools showed elevated ratings in the domains of sleep anxiety and co-sleeping, which may hinder their ability to accurately distinguish sleep disturbances. However, the prevalence of sleep anxiety/co-sleeping in Indian culture was found to be linked to more severe sleep disorders, while also serving as a protective factor against separation anxiety and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Therefore, while the CSHQ and CSHQ-Autism serve as valuable assessment tools, their scores may be inflated by ingrained cultural norms in the Indian context. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2024 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1447812 |
| Database: | ERIC |
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| FullText | Links: – Type: pdflink Url: https://content.ebscohost.com/cds/retrieve?content=AQICAHj0k_4E0hTGH8RJwT4gCJyBsGNe_WN95AvKlDbXJGqwxwGC3BREk472sSQH_jhqb44lAAAA4jCB3wYJKoZIhvcNAQcGoIHRMIHOAgEAMIHIBgkqhkiG9w0BBwEwHgYJYIZIAWUDBAEuMBEEDKQ9zLpB3_IHNtdtlQIBEICBmr0P7EEZyJnBj3Hxpux8hssHbBhCUvkNr_OnnSfmNQZ07VDFJjzAOZcFcO1C0FyruOLSitaGLBVopatks3LTm_K4whtOaZ2iQJJelF7yOgYXmlsuR6XeKpVuR1jMmPg18k6UQM89wRTYUJyNqvhOkzj-Ss5LOeUrEn7-J4yWhUbsSgBj4x8VSSzFtl3lT048VqalR3n816I56lw= Text: Availability: 1 Value: <anid>AN0180804689;aut01dec.24;2024Nov13.05:17;v2.2.500</anid> <title id="AN0180804689-1">Evaluating Sleep in Autism Using CSHQ and CSHQ-Autism - A Perspective Through the Cultural Lens </title> <p>The Child Sleep Hygiene Questionnaire (CSHQ) and its adapted version for autistic children, known as CSHQ-Autism, have gained recognition as essential tools for studying pediatric sleep patterns. 67 autistic children were evaluated using these questionnaires. 52 children screened positive on the CSHQ while 18 were screened positive on the CSHQ-Autism. Notably, both tools showed elevated ratings in the domains of sleep anxiety and co-sleeping, which may hinder their ability to accurately distinguish sleep disturbances. However, the prevalence of sleep anxiety/co-sleeping in Indian culture was found to be linked to more severe sleep disorders, while also serving as a protective factor against separation anxiety and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Therefore, while the CSHQ and CSHQ-Autism serve as valuable assessment tools, their scores may be inflated by ingrained cultural norms in the Indian context.</p> <p>Keywords: Co-sleeping; Sleep hygiene; CSHQ; Autism spectrum disorders; Cultural factors; Sleep anxiety</p> <p>Sleep quality in children has been evaluated using various tools, with polysomnography remaining the gold standard. Clinicians also have access to many questionnaires that are efficient tools for screening, aiding diagnosis, and measuring morbidity. Among these, the Child Sleep Hygiene Questionnaire (CSHQ) is widely used to assess sleep disturbances in children and adolescents (Sen and Spruyt, [<reflink idref="bib17" id="ref1">17</reflink>]). Its usefulness extends to clinical and research settings and has been validated for use in the Indian population (Malhi, Narendhran, and Bharti, [<reflink idref="bib2" id="ref2">2</reflink>]). This user-friendly questionnaire allows for measurement of parent-reported sleep quality, covering bedtime resistance, sleep onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night wakings, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, and daytime sleepiness.</p> <p>Research indicates that children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) commonly experience sleep problems, with rates ranging from 50 to 80%, in contrast to 9–50% in typically developing children (Richdale and Schreck, [<reflink idref="bib15" id="ref3">15</reflink>]). To better address these issues in ASD, Katz et al. ([<reflink idref="bib6" id="ref4">6</reflink>]) adapted the CSHQ by excluding items with high endorsement rates such as bed-wetting and focusing on behavioral insomnia domains that are influenced by the child's neurodevelopmental profile. These domains include 'Sleep initiation &amp; duration', 'Sleep anxiety/co-sleeping', 'Night wakings/parasomnias', and 'Daytime sleepiness', with age-specific cut-off scores to identify potential sleep problems (Shui, Richdale, and Katz, [<reflink idref="bib18" id="ref5">18</reflink>]).</p> <p>Our center is an advanced clinical and research center in a tertiary care center in South India. Children who were referred for an EEG evaluation as part of their routine clinical work-up were recruited for the study. Consent was taken from parents and assent from children where applicable. As part of a larger study investigating EEG abnormalities in children with ASD, we examined sleep patterns of 67 children diagnosed with ASD using CSHQ and CSHQ-Autism. These tools allowed us to gain valuable insight into sleep issues affecting individuals with ASD. The participants had a median age of 6 years (Interquartile Range (IQR) of 2 years). The diagnosis of ASD was made using the ISAA (Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism) and the INDT-ASD (INCLEN Diagnostic Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorders) which have both been validated in the Indian population (Mukherjee et al., [<reflink idref="bib12" id="ref6">12</reflink>]; Juneja et al., [<reflink idref="bib5" id="ref7">5</reflink>]).</p> <p>Our findings revealed that 52 out of 67 children screened positive for a sleep disorder on CSHQ and 18 out of 67 on CSHQ-Autism (see Table 1). Interestingly, we discovered that both the positively and negatively screened groups scored high on domains measuring sleep anxiety and co-sleeping, as measured by both tools.</p> <p>Table 1 CSHQ scores</p> <p> <ephtml> &lt;table frame="hsides" rules="groups"&gt;&lt;thead&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th align="left" colspan="3"&gt;&lt;p&gt;CSHQ ORIGINAL (Median and IQR)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th align="left" colspan="3"&gt;&lt;p&gt;CSHQ-AUTISM (Median and IQR)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/thead&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Questionnaire domains &lt;/italic&gt; (maximum possible score)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;&amp;#62; Cut-off&lt;/italic&gt; (&lt;italic&gt;n&lt;/italic&gt; = 52)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;&amp;#60; Cut-off&lt;/italic&gt; (&lt;italic&gt;n&lt;/italic&gt; = 15)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Questionnaire domains &lt;/italic&gt; (maximum possible score)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;&amp;#62; Cut-off &lt;/italic&gt;(&lt;italic&gt;n&lt;/italic&gt; = 18)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;italic&gt;&amp;#60; Cut-off&lt;/italic&gt; (&lt;italic&gt;n&lt;/italic&gt; = 49)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bedtime resistance (18)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;14 (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;11 (4)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sleep Initiation duration (18)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;11 (3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;7 (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sleep onset delay (3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;2 (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;1 (0)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sleep anxiety/co-sleeping (15)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;13 (0)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;12 (4)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sleep duration (9)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;3 (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;3 (0)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Night wakings/parasomnias (15)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;7 (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;6 (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sleep anxiety (12)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;8 (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;8 (3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Daytime alertness (18)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;9 (3.75)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;7 (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Night wakings (9)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;3.50 (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;3 (0.5)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;CSHQ-Autism Total&lt;/bold&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;38 (5.75)&lt;/bold&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;30 (6)&lt;/bold&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Parasomnias (21)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;8.50 (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;7 (1)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sleep-disordered breathing (9)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;3 (0)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;3 (0)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;Daytime sleepiness (24)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;11 (3)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;9 (2)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;CSHQ Total&lt;/bold&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;46 (5)&lt;/bold&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;bold&gt;39 (3)&lt;/bold&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;% Screening positive for sleep problems&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;77.61%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;% Screening positive for sleep problems&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;p&gt;26.8%&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td align="left" /&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt; </ephtml> </p> <p> <emph>Note</emph> The cut-off is <bold>≥ 41</bold> on the 'Original CSHQ'. On the CSHQ-Autism, the cut-offs are age specific, i.e. <bold>≥34</bold> for ages 2–3, <bold>≥ 35</bold> for 4–10, and <bold>≥ 33</bold>, for 11–17 years</p> <p>We then compared subscale item scores between screen-positives and screen-negatives on both questionnaires. On the CSHQ, both groups had a median score of 8 (maximum score was 12) on the 'Sleep anxiety' domain. On the CSHQ-Autism, screen positives had a median score of 13 (IQR 0), and screen negatives scored 12 (IQR 4), (maximum score was 15). The data also revealed notable differences between screen positives and negatives in other domains, particularly 'sleep initiation and duration', where the contrast was more pronounced. The ratio of CSHQ scores of children who screened positive and negative for sleep issues were calculated with all subdomains. The same ratio was taken after removing the sleep anxiety/co-sleeping subdomain. Similar calculations were done with the CSHQ-Autism scores. These were then compared. The ratio remained unchanged with and without the subdomain in both the cases which shows that the sleep anxiety/co-sleeping factors did not contribute to the child being screened positive or negative for sleep problems in our cohort.</p> <p>CSHQ has been translated and tested in multiple languages and countries, demonstrating its validity and generalizability as a screening tool. The higher specificity of the cut-off scores on CSHQ-Autism compared to the poor specificity and high sensitivity of the original CSHQ can be used to explain the difference in screen positives on both tools. It can also support the speculation that a cut-off score of 41 can exaggerate the number of children with sleep problems and a score of 48 would be more accurate (Reynolds et al., [<reflink idref="bib14" id="ref8">14</reflink>]).</p> <p>In the CSHQ, several questions aim to examine sleep anxiety, while CSHQ-Autism has a section dedicated to measuring sleep anxiety/co-sleeping. Items under these are usually answered with the option attributed to the highest score. We found that 'Sleep anxiety' and 'Co-sleeping' did not help us distinguish between screen positives and negatives as they had similar scores in this domain.</p> <p>Co-sleeping is defined as the practice of sleeping in the same bed or close by in the same room with one's child. This is not a problem in most Indian families, with a reported prevalence of 93% in Indian children aged 3–10 years (Bharti, Malhi, and Kashyap [<reflink idref="bib2" id="ref9">2</reflink>]). Socioeconomic difficulties, extended family settings, and deep-rooted cultural norms contribute to this practice. Parental concerns surrounding the child's neurodevelopmental profile (e.g., enuresis, seizure disorders) can also lead to anxieties about independent sleeping.</p> <p>Research has shown that co-sleeping can worsen sleep issues like nocturnal enuresis, parasomnia, sleep apnea, and bedtime resistance (Gupta et al., [<reflink idref="bib4" id="ref10">4</reflink>]). However, co-sleeping during childhood is linked to better emotional and psychological health in adulthood translating to higher self-esteem and more capability to show physical affection (Lewis &amp; Janda, [<reflink idref="bib9" id="ref11">9</reflink>]; Okami et al., [<reflink idref="bib13" id="ref12">13</reflink>]), lower rates of sudden infant death syndrome, and increased breast feeding (Mckenna &amp; McDade, [<reflink idref="bib11" id="ref13">11</reflink>]) in the general population. In the ASD population, in a study from Turkey, co-sleeping with parents and family history of sleep problems was shown to increase the risk of sleep disturbances. the authors proposed that behavioral techniques, especially focusing on co-sleeping problems and focusing on parents' sleep habits may improve the sleep disturbances in children with ID and ASD (Köse et al., [<reflink idref="bib7" id="ref14">7</reflink>]). A recent study by Scarpelli et al. from Italy demonstrated 33% prevalence of sleep disturbances in ASD using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). This scale did not have a co-sleeping component. The authors used an ad hoc double-choice question at the end of the SDSC questionnaire to ask parents whether they shared a room or bed with their child or whether the child slept in a separate room. Their findings were similar to other studies where they showed that co-sleepers are younger and have lower IQ/DQ, lower adaptive functioning, and lower psychological well-being than no-co-sleepers (Scarpelli et al., [<reflink idref="bib16" id="ref15">16</reflink>]).</p> <p>When considering co-sleeping through the lens of Evolutionary Developmental Psychology, it can be viewed as an ontogenetic adaptation, a necessary and important adaptation for survival during childhood while potentially harmful in adulthood (Barry, [<reflink idref="bib1" id="ref16">1</reflink>]). It is crucial to recognize that co-sleeping is a widely accepted practice in Eastern cultures and among Asian, African American, and Hispanic communities in the West (Chung &amp; An, [<reflink idref="bib3" id="ref17">3</reflink>]). Additionally, it has been found that in countries like the USA and Australia, co-sleeping is considered a normal practice in lower socio-economic classes for practical reasons (Kruse et al., [<reflink idref="bib8" id="ref18">8</reflink>]). Various cultural and situational factors have contributed to the normalization of co-sleeping practices.</p> <p>While the CSHQ offers valuable insights into potential sleep concerns in children, its application in non-Western cultures warrants careful consideration. To achieve a more accurate understanding of sleep disorder prevalence within these populations, it may be necessary to adapt specific questions to better align with culturally accepted practices. Future research should consider modifying the co-sleeping domain of the scale to enhance its cross-cultural applicability. Similar to the approach used by Scarpelli et al. with the SDSC independent investigation of co-sleeping practices in cultures where this is prevalent into older ages could be beneficial. Further studies should explore alternative methods for evaluating co-sleeping, such as customizing questions to fit cultural norms or developing more robust assessment techniques.</p> <hd id="AN0180804689-2">Author Contribution</hd> <p>NP and SMK: conceptualization, data collection, and writing of the manuscript, AMM: analysis of data, RN: Data entry and maintenance.</p> <hd id="AN0180804689-3">Declarations</hd> <p></p> <hd id="AN0180804689-4">Conflict of Interest</hd> <p>The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The funding for this work is through CAREADD intramural research funds. Institute ethics committee approval was taken for this study (IEC No. 379/2021).</p> <hd id="AN0180804689-5">Publisher's Note</hd> <p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p> <ref id="AN0180804689-6"> <title> References </title> <blist> <bibl id="bib1" idref="ref16" type="bt">1</bibl> <bibtext> Barry, E. S. (2019). Co-Sleeping as a Developmental Context and Its Role in the Transition to Parenthood. Pp. 175–203 in Transitions into Parenthood: Examining the Complexities of Childrearing. Vol. 15, Contemporary Perspectives in Family Research, edited by S. Lee Blair and R. Pisco Costa. Emerald Publishing Limited.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib2" idref="ref2" type="bt">2</bibl> <bibtext> Bharti B, Malhi P. Patterns and problems of Sleep in School going children. 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Sleep Medicine. 2021; 87: 69-76. 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.08.022. 34534745</bibtext> </blist> </ref> <aug> <p>By Nishant Prabhakaran; Ann Moncy Maria; Roopa N and Sowmyashree Mayur Kaku</p> <p>Reported by Author; Author; Author; Author</p> </aug> <nolink nlid="nl1" bibid="bib17" firstref="ref1"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl2" bibid="bib15" firstref="ref3"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl3" bibid="bib18" firstref="ref5"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl4" bibid="bib12" firstref="ref6"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl5" bibid="bib14" firstref="ref8"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl6" bibid="bib13" firstref="ref12"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl7" bibid="bib11" firstref="ref13"></nolink> <nolink nlid="nl8" bibid="bib16" firstref="ref15"></nolink> |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Evaluating Sleep in Autism Using CSHQ and CSHQ-Autism -- A Perspective through the Cultural Lens – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nishant+Prabhakaran%22">Nishant Prabhakaran</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ann+Moncy+Maria%22">Ann Moncy Maria</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roopa+N%22">Roopa N</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sowmyashree+Mayur+Kaku%22">Sowmyashree Mayur Kaku</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8965-8292">0000-0002-8965-8292</externalLink>) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Autism+and+Developmental+Disorders%22"><i>Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders</i></searchLink>. 2024 54(12):4761-4764. – Name: Avail Label: Availability Group: Avail Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/ – Name: PeerReviewed Label: Peer Reviewed Group: SrcInfo Data: Y – Name: Pages Label: Page Count Group: Src Data: 4 – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Date Group: Date Data: 2024 – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research – Name: Subject Label: Descriptors Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sleep%22">Sleep</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Autism+Spectrum+Disorders%22">Autism Spectrum Disorders</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior%22">Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+Influences%22">Cultural Influences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Separation+Anxiety%22">Separation Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infant+Mortality%22">Infant Mortality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink> – Name: Subject Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22India%22">India</searchLink> – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.1007/s10803-024-06564-3 – Name: ISSN Label: ISSN Group: ISSN Data: 0162-3257<br />1573-3432 – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The Child Sleep Hygiene Questionnaire (CSHQ) and its adapted version for autistic children, known as CSHQ-Autism, have gained recognition as essential tools for studying pediatric sleep patterns. 67 autistic children were evaluated using these questionnaires. 52 children screened positive on the CSHQ while 18 were screened positive on the CSHQ-Autism. Notably, both tools showed elevated ratings in the domains of sleep anxiety and co-sleeping, which may hinder their ability to accurately distinguish sleep disturbances. However, the prevalence of sleep anxiety/co-sleeping in Indian culture was found to be linked to more severe sleep disorders, while also serving as a protective factor against separation anxiety and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Therefore, while the CSHQ and CSHQ-Autism serve as valuable assessment tools, their scores may be inflated by ingrained cultural norms in the Indian context. – Name: AbstractInfo Label: Abstractor Group: Ab Data: As Provided – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date Group: Date Data: 2024 – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: EJ1447812 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s10803-024-06564-3 Languages: – Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 4 StartPage: 4761 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Sleep Type: general – SubjectFull: Autism Spectrum Disorders Type: general – SubjectFull: Children Type: general – SubjectFull: Anxiety Type: general – SubjectFull: Behavior Type: general – SubjectFull: Cultural Influences Type: general – SubjectFull: Separation Anxiety Type: general – SubjectFull: Infant Mortality Type: general – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries Type: general – SubjectFull: India Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Evaluating Sleep in Autism Using CSHQ and CSHQ-Autism -- A Perspective through the Cultural Lens Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nishant Prabhakaran – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ann Moncy Maria – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Roopa N – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sowmyashree Mayur Kaku IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 12 Type: published Y: 2024 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 0162-3257 – Type: issn-electronic Value: 1573-3432 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 54 – Type: issue Value: 12 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Type: main |
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