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Validity and Reliability: Instruments of Teacher Competency in the Context of Small Schools in Peninsular Malaysia

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Title: Validity and Reliability: Instruments of Teacher Competency in the Context of Small Schools in Peninsular Malaysia
Language: English
Authors: Mohd Norlizam Mohd Razali (ORCID 0000-0003-4996-2385), Aida Hanim A. Hamid (ORCID 0000-0001-7952-8788), Bity Salwana Alias (ORCID 0000-0001-8769-9341), Azlin Norhaini Mansor (ORCID 0000-0003-2350-5207)
Source: Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn). 2025 19(1):487-494.
Availability: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. C5 Plumbon, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, 55198, Indonesia. e-mail: edulearn@uad.ac.id; Web site: http://edulearn.intelektual.org/index.php/EduLearn/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 8
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary Secondary Education, Small Schools, Rural Schools, Teacher Competencies, Teacher Competency Testing, Test Reliability, Test Validity
Geographic Terms: Malaysia
ISSN: 2089-9823
2302-9277
Abstract: A teacher competency instrument was developed to determine the level of teacher competency in small schools in Peninsular Malaysia. This study was conducted in Perak and Negeri Sembilan to determine the instrument's reliability and validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and item reliability analysis were used to determine the questionnaire's reliability and validity. Next, the average congruence percentage (ACP) is used to determine the reliability test between expert assessors. Experts approved the validity and reliability of the instrument before the EFA test was conducted. All four constructs have high-reliability index values between 0.82-0.92. Next, the EFA analysis shows four dimensions in the teacher competency instrument with factor loadings (FL) ranging from 0.60-0.88. The findings also show that the variance explained in the data is 58.46% with an Eigenvalue greater than 1. This result indicates that all items were received with high approval. In addition, a very high-reliability coefficient value, [alpha]=0.82. The results prove that this teacher competency instrument has high validity and reliability and can measure the level of teacher competency implementation practices in small schools in Peninsular Malaysia.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1457053
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Validity and Reliability: Instruments of Teacher Competency in the Context of Small Schools in Peninsular Malaysia
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohd+Norlizam+Mohd+Razali%22">Mohd Norlizam Mohd Razali</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4996-2385">0000-0003-4996-2385</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aida+Hanim+A%2E+Hamid%22">Aida Hanim A. Hamid</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7952-8788">0000-0001-7952-8788</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bity+Salwana+Alias%22">Bity Salwana Alias</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8769-9341">0000-0001-8769-9341</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Azlin+Norhaini+Mansor%22">Azlin Norhaini Mansor</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2350-5207">0000-0003-2350-5207</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Education+and+Learning+%28EduLearn%29%22"><i>Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)</i></searchLink>. 2025 19(1):487-494.
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  Data: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. C5 Plumbon, Banguntapan, Yogyakarta, 55198, Indonesia. e-mail: edulearn@uad.ac.id; Web site: http://edulearn.intelektual.org/index.php/EduLearn/
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  Data: 8
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Secondary+Education%22">Elementary Secondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+Secondary+Education%22">Elementary Secondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Small+Schools%22">Small Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rural+Schools%22">Rural Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Competencies%22">Teacher Competencies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Competency+Testing%22">Teacher Competency Testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Reliability%22">Test Reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Validity%22">Test Validity</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Malaysia%22">Malaysia</searchLink>
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  Data: 2089-9823<br />2302-9277
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: A teacher competency instrument was developed to determine the level of teacher competency in small schools in Peninsular Malaysia. This study was conducted in Perak and Negeri Sembilan to determine the instrument's reliability and validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and item reliability analysis were used to determine the questionnaire's reliability and validity. Next, the average congruence percentage (ACP) is used to determine the reliability test between expert assessors. Experts approved the validity and reliability of the instrument before the EFA test was conducted. All four constructs have high-reliability index values between 0.82-0.92. Next, the EFA analysis shows four dimensions in the teacher competency instrument with factor loadings (FL) ranging from 0.60-0.88. The findings also show that the variance explained in the data is 58.46% with an Eigenvalue greater than 1. This result indicates that all items were received with high approval. In addition, a very high-reliability coefficient value, [alpha]=0.82. The results prove that this teacher competency instrument has high validity and reliability and can measure the level of teacher competency implementation practices in small schools in Peninsular Malaysia.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1457053
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 487
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary Secondary Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Small Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rural Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Competencies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Competency Testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
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      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Malaysia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Validity and Reliability: Instruments of Teacher Competency in the Context of Small Schools in Peninsular Malaysia
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            NameFull: Aida Hanim A. Hamid
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            NameFull: Bity Salwana Alias
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              Y: 2025
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