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Beyond Transfer: Language Processing in Bilinguals Is Shaped by Competition and Regulation

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Title: Beyond Transfer: Language Processing in Bilinguals Is Shaped by Competition and Regulation
Language: English
Authors: Judith F. Kroll (ORCID 0000-0002-7951-0702), Paola E. Dussias (ORCID 0000-0002-9481-7489)
Source: Language Teaching Research Quarterly. 2024 44:55-70.
Availability: European Knowledge Development (EUROKD). e-mail: editorial@eurokd.com; Web site: https://www.eurokd.com/journal/jd/1
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 16
Publication Date: 2024
Sponsoring Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF), Office of International Science & Engineering (OISE)
National Science Foundation (NSF), Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE)
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Contract Number: 1545900
2341555
NRT2125865
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Descriptors: Transfer of Training, Bilingualism, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Psycholinguistics, Language Processing, Interference (Language), Age Differences, Language Universals, Linguistic Theory
ISSN: 2667-6753
Abstract: In the history of psycholinguistics, there are traditional accounts that have been told about language learning and processing. These accounts revolve around the constraints imposed by the age of language learning and by universal principles that are assumed to be natively given. The contribution of Brian MacWhinney and his collaborators has been to challenge the fundamental principles on which these traditional accounts rest. By taking an emergentist approach that assumes that variation in learning will better inform foundational mechanisms than fixed constraints, they shifted the focus from language development in monolingual speakers to a broader consideration of cross-linguistic and cross-language contexts. We have been beneficiaries of this shift. In this paper, we describe research on bilingualism that examines two key mechanisms within the MacWhinney framework: Competition and transfer. We argue that what we have learned about bilingual language processing supports the central role of competition and its broad consequences. We claim that one of these consequences has been to reframe questions of transfer to consider the requirement that bilingual speakers regulate their two languages. The dynamic nature of cross-language interactions across languages and across varied language environments reflects the deep plasticity associated with language and its cognitive and neural bases.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1457274
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Beyond Transfer: Language Processing in Bilinguals Is Shaped by Competition and Regulation
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Judith+F%2E+Kroll%22">Judith F. Kroll</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7951-0702">0000-0002-7951-0702</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Paola+E%2E+Dussias%22">Paola E. Dussias</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9481-7489">0000-0002-9481-7489</externalLink>)
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  Data: In the history of psycholinguistics, there are traditional accounts that have been told about language learning and processing. These accounts revolve around the constraints imposed by the age of language learning and by universal principles that are assumed to be natively given. The contribution of Brian MacWhinney and his collaborators has been to challenge the fundamental principles on which these traditional accounts rest. By taking an emergentist approach that assumes that variation in learning will better inform foundational mechanisms than fixed constraints, they shifted the focus from language development in monolingual speakers to a broader consideration of cross-linguistic and cross-language contexts. We have been beneficiaries of this shift. In this paper, we describe research on bilingualism that examines two key mechanisms within the MacWhinney framework: Competition and transfer. We argue that what we have learned about bilingual language processing supports the central role of competition and its broad consequences. We claim that one of these consequences has been to reframe questions of transfer to consider the requirement that bilingual speakers regulate their two languages. The dynamic nature of cross-language interactions across languages and across varied language environments reflects the deep plasticity associated with language and its cognitive and neural bases.
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bilingualism
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      – SubjectFull: Native Language
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      – SubjectFull: Age Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Language Universals
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      – SubjectFull: Linguistic Theory
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