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The Adaptation and Psychometric Analysis of the Global Transformational Leadership (GTL) Scale for Turkish Educational Institutions

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Title: The Adaptation and Psychometric Analysis of the Global Transformational Leadership (GTL) Scale for Turkish Educational Institutions
Language: English
Authors: Cihat Turan, Zülfü Demirtas (ORCID 0000-0002-1072-5772), Müslim Alanoglu (ORCID 0000-0003-1828-4593)
Source: Research in Educational Administration & Leadership. 2024 9(4):620-659.
Availability: EARDA Turkish Educational Administration Research & Development Association. Dokuz Eylul University, Buca Faculty of Education, Izmir, Turkey 35150. e-mail: eyedderinfo@gmail.com; Web site: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/real/archive
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 40
Publication Date: 2024
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Tests/Questionnaires
Descriptors: Leadership Effectiveness, Transformational Leadership, Global Approach, Foreign Countries, Academic Achievement, Faculty Development, Cultural Context, Teacher Attitudes, Measurement Techniques, Psychometrics, Validity, Reliability, Questionnaires, Factor Analysis, Language Teachers, Principals, Teacher Administrator Relationship, Administrator Role, Schools
Geographic Terms: Turkey
ISSN: 2564-7261
Abstract: Effective leadership is essential in transforming schools into vibrant learning environments that foster teachers' professional growth and boost student achievement. Among various leadership styles, transformational leadership, with its emphasis on vision, support, and innovation, stands out due to its potential to maximize performance and foster school success. The objective of this research is to translate and culturally adapt the Global Transformational Leadership Scale (GTL) by Carless et al. (2000) into Turkish, with a focus on its application in educational institutions. The adaptation process followed a rigorous methodology to ensure the scale's semantic and conceptual equivalence in Turkish culture. This process involved translation, back-translation, and revisions based on expert feedback. The research was conducted with a sample of 322 teachers from a mid-sized city in eastern Türkiye, and data collection took place in three phases: linguistic equivalence testing with English teachers, parallel testing with the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and other relevant scales, and test-retest reliability analysis. CFA was performed to verify the scale's factor structure, and various validity and reliability measures were assessed, including convergent validity, nomological validity, and measurement invariance across gender, education level, and tenure. The results indicated that the adapted GTL scale is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring transformational leadership in Turkish educational institutions.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1459937
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: The Adaptation and Psychometric Analysis of the Global Transformational Leadership (GTL) Scale for Turkish Educational Institutions
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cihat+Turan%22">Cihat Turan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zülfü+Demirtas%22">Zülfü Demirtas</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1072-5772">0000-0002-1072-5772</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Müslim+Alanoglu%22">Müslim Alanoglu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1828-4593">0000-0003-1828-4593</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Research+in+Educational+Administration+%26+Leadership%22"><i>Research in Educational Administration & Leadership</i></searchLink>. 2024 9(4):620-659.
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  Data: EARDA Turkish Educational Administration Research & Development Association. Dokuz Eylul University, Buca Faculty of Education, Izmir, Turkey 35150. e-mail: eyedderinfo@gmail.com; Web site: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/real/archive
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  Data: 40
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  Data: 2024
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Leadership+Effectiveness%22">Leadership Effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transformational+Leadership%22">Transformational Leadership</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+Approach%22">Global Approach</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Achievement%22">Academic Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Faculty+Development%22">Faculty Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+Context%22">Cultural Context</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Attitudes%22">Teacher Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measurement+Techniques%22">Measurement Techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychometrics%22">Psychometrics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Validity%22">Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reliability%22">Reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+Analysis%22">Factor Analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Teachers%22">Language Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Principals%22">Principals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Administrator+Relationship%22">Teacher Administrator Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Administrator+Role%22">Administrator Role</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Schools%22">Schools</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Turkey%22">Turkey</searchLink>
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  Data: 2564-7261
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Effective leadership is essential in transforming schools into vibrant learning environments that foster teachers' professional growth and boost student achievement. Among various leadership styles, transformational leadership, with its emphasis on vision, support, and innovation, stands out due to its potential to maximize performance and foster school success. The objective of this research is to translate and culturally adapt the Global Transformational Leadership Scale (GTL) by Carless et al. (2000) into Turkish, with a focus on its application in educational institutions. The adaptation process followed a rigorous methodology to ensure the scale's semantic and conceptual equivalence in Turkish culture. This process involved translation, back-translation, and revisions based on expert feedback. The research was conducted with a sample of 322 teachers from a mid-sized city in eastern Türkiye, and data collection took place in three phases: linguistic equivalence testing with English teachers, parallel testing with the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire and other relevant scales, and test-retest reliability analysis. CFA was performed to verify the scale's factor structure, and various validity and reliability measures were assessed, including convergent validity, nomological validity, and measurement invariance across gender, education level, and tenure. The results indicated that the adapted GTL scale is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring transformational leadership in Turkish educational institutions.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1459937
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 40
        StartPage: 620
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Leadership Effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Transformational Leadership
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Global Approach
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Academic Achievement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Faculty Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cultural Context
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Measurement Techniques
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychometrics
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      – SubjectFull: Validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reliability
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      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
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      – SubjectFull: Factor Analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Principals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Administrator Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Administrator Role
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Schools
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Turkey
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Adaptation and Psychometric Analysis of the Global Transformational Leadership (GTL) Scale for Turkish Educational Institutions
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            NameFull: Cihat Turan
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            NameFull: Zülfü Demirtas
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            NameFull: Müslim Alanoglu
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              Type: published
              Y: 2024
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              Value: 2564-7261
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              Value: 9
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            – TitleFull: Research in Educational Administration & Leadership
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