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Brain Morphometry of Toddlers with Language Delay: An Exploratory Study

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Title: Brain Morphometry of Toddlers with Language Delay: An Exploratory Study
Language: English
Authors: Courtney A. Filippi (ORCID 0000-0001-8327-7459), Elizabeth Smith, Elizabeth Redcay, Heather Hazlett, Lauren Thompson, Stacy S. Manwaring, Precilla D'Souza, Audrey Thurm
Source: Infant and Child Development. 2025 34(1).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2025
Sponsoring Agency: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: NCT01339767
1ZICMH002961
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Toddlers, Delayed Speech, Brain, Child Development, Physical Characteristics, Minimal Brain Dysfunction
DOI: 10.1002/icd.2558
ISSN: 1522-7227
1522-7219
Abstract: While studies have documented neural correlates of language delay in toddlers with developmental conditions, those at genetic risk for language delay, and those born premature, no studies have examined neural correlates in toddlers exhibiting early language delay without known aetiology. This study examines brain morphometry in toddlers with and without early language delay. To do so, we collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on toddlers with language delay (LD; n = 7, M[subscript age] = 19.67 months, 3 female, 2 Hispanic and 4 non-caucasian) and a typically developing (TD; n = 17, M[subscript age] = 22.73 months, 8 female, 2 Hispanic and 3 non-caucasian) comparison group. Exploratory analyses examined group differences in total brain volume, cortical thickness and cortical surface area using both a whole-brain and region of interest (Broca's and Wernicke's areas) approach. Results showed no gross brain anatomical differences between groups. However, there were group differences in cortical surface area in the temporal cortex (including Wernicke's area and left middle temporal gyrus, hedges' g = - 0.35) and Broca's area thickness. Results are reported using multiple analytic methods, age matching and exclusion of children later diagnosed with autism. While this exploratory study has a limited sample size, it provides novel findings that can be utilised to guide hypothesis-driven imaging studies on toddler language delay.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://nda.nih.gov/study.html?id=590
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1461044
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Brain Morphometry of Toddlers with Language Delay: An Exploratory Study
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Courtney+A%2E+Filippi%22">Courtney A. Filippi</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-7459">0000-0001-8327-7459</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elizabeth+Smith%22">Elizabeth Smith</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elizabeth+Redcay%22">Elizabeth Redcay</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heather+Hazlett%22">Heather Hazlett</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lauren+Thompson%22">Lauren Thompson</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stacy+S%2E+Manwaring%22">Stacy S. Manwaring</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Precilla+D'Souza%22">Precilla D'Souza</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Audrey+Thurm%22">Audrey Thurm</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Infant+and+Child+Development%22"><i>Infant and Child Development</i></searchLink>. 2025 34(1).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: 14
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DHHS/NIH)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Toddlers%22">Toddlers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Delayed+Speech%22">Delayed Speech</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brain%22">Brain</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Development%22">Child Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+Characteristics%22">Physical Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Minimal+Brain+Dysfunction%22">Minimal Brain Dysfunction</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1002/icd.2558
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  Data: 1522-7227<br />1522-7219
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: While studies have documented neural correlates of language delay in toddlers with developmental conditions, those at genetic risk for language delay, and those born premature, no studies have examined neural correlates in toddlers exhibiting early language delay without known aetiology. This study examines brain morphometry in toddlers with and without early language delay. To do so, we collected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on toddlers with language delay (LD; n = 7, M[subscript age] = 19.67 months, 3 female, 2 Hispanic and 4 non-caucasian) and a typically developing (TD; n = 17, M[subscript age] = 22.73 months, 8 female, 2 Hispanic and 3 non-caucasian) comparison group. Exploratory analyses examined group differences in total brain volume, cortical thickness and cortical surface area using both a whole-brain and region of interest (Broca's and Wernicke's areas) approach. Results showed no gross brain anatomical differences between groups. However, there were group differences in cortical surface area in the temporal cortex (including Wernicke's area and left middle temporal gyrus, hedges' g = - 0.35) and Broca's area thickness. Results are reported using multiple analytic methods, age matching and exclusion of children later diagnosed with autism. While this exploratory study has a limited sample size, it provides novel findings that can be utilised to guide hypothesis-driven imaging studies on toddler language delay.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: https://nda.nih.gov/study.html?id=590
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1461044
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1461044
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      – SubjectFull: Child Development
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