Control, Exogeneity, and Directness: Understanding and Designing Quasi- and Natural Experiments
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| Title: | Control, Exogeneity, and Directness: Understanding and Designing Quasi- and Natural Experiments |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Dahlia K. Remler (ORCID |
| Source: | American Journal of Evaluation. 2025 46(1):62-89. |
| Availability: | SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 28 |
| Publication Date: | 2025 |
| Intended Audience: | Researchers; Practitioners |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Descriptive |
| Descriptors: | Quasiexperimental Design, Research Design, Experiments, Predictor Variables, Vocabulary, Classification, Randomized Controlled Trials |
| DOI: | 10.1177/10982140241265708 |
| ISSN: | 1098-2140 1557-0878 |
| Abstract: | This article reviews the origins and use of the terms quasi-experiment and natural experiment. It demonstrates how the terms conflate whether variation in the independent variable of interest falls short of random with whether researchers find, rather than intervene to create, that variation. Using the lens of assignment--the process driving variation in the independent variable--we distinguish three dimensions: "control" of assignment by the researcher, rather than by a policy process or naturally occurring event; "exogeneity" of the assignment process; and "directness" of the link between assignment and the independent variable. These dimensions generate a typology of causal study designs that we illustrate with examples from the social and health sciences. Our framework can assist researchers and practitioners from diverse disciplines to better understand and communicate with one another and, importantly, to recognize opportunities in real-world settings to find or create variation that can be leveraged for valid impact estimates. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2025 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1465031 |
| Database: | ERIC |
| Abstract: | This article reviews the origins and use of the terms quasi-experiment and natural experiment. It demonstrates how the terms conflate whether variation in the independent variable of interest falls short of random with whether researchers find, rather than intervene to create, that variation. Using the lens of assignment--the process driving variation in the independent variable--we distinguish three dimensions: "control" of assignment by the researcher, rather than by a policy process or naturally occurring event; "exogeneity" of the assignment process; and "directness" of the link between assignment and the independent variable. These dimensions generate a typology of causal study designs that we illustrate with examples from the social and health sciences. Our framework can assist researchers and practitioners from diverse disciplines to better understand and communicate with one another and, importantly, to recognize opportunities in real-world settings to find or create variation that can be leveraged for valid impact estimates. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 1098-2140 1557-0878 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/10982140241265708 |
