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Examining Links between Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Time Spent Alone, and Indices of Internalizing Problems in Childhood and Early Adolescence

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Title: Examining Links between Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Time Spent Alone, and Indices of Internalizing Problems in Childhood and Early Adolescence
Language: English
Authors: Stefania Sette (ORCID 0000-0003-4953-0128), Matilde Brunetti (ORCID 0000-0003-2809-6908), Giulia Pecora, Fiorenzo Laghi, Emiddia Longobardi, Robert J. Coplan
Source: Journal of Early Adolescence. 2025 45(6):769-793.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 25
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Education
Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Elementary School Students, Middle School Students, Social Isolation, Withdrawal (Psychology), Shyness, Anxiety, Extraversion Introversion, Student Motivation, Depression (Psychology), Student Characteristics, Interpersonal Competence, Self Esteem, Locus of Control, Social Problems, Student Adjustment, Emotional Adjustment
Geographic Terms: Italy
DOI: 10.1177/02724316241279003
ISSN: 0272-4316
1552-5449
Abstract: This study investigated links between motivations for social withdrawal, time spent alone, and indices of internalizing difficulties. Participants were 169 (n = 96 girls) children and early adolescents aged 8-14 years (M[subscript age] = 10.82, SD = 1.78). Children completed self-report measures of motivations for social withdrawal (shyness, unsociability), time spent alone, and indices of internalizing difficulties (social anxiety, depression, loneliness), whereas parents provided a broader rating of children's internalizing symptoms. Among the results, at higher levels of shyness, time spent alone was positively related to social anxiety, but this association was attenuated at lower levels of shyness. Higher levels of unsociability weakened the positive association between time spent alone and loneliness. Time alone was more strongly related to depression for early adolescents. These findings highlight the differential implications of solitude for shy children and early adolescents, who might experience more discomfort and anxiety compared to their more unsociable counterparts.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1467697
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Examining Links between Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Time Spent Alone, and Indices of Internalizing Problems in Childhood and Early Adolescence
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stefania+Sette%22">Stefania Sette</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4953-0128">0000-0003-4953-0128</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matilde+Brunetti%22">Matilde Brunetti</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2809-6908">0000-0003-2809-6908</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Giulia+Pecora%22">Giulia Pecora</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fiorenzo+Laghi%22">Fiorenzo Laghi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Emiddia+Longobardi%22">Emiddia Longobardi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Robert+J%2E+Coplan%22">Robert J. Coplan</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Early+Adolescence%22"><i>Journal of Early Adolescence</i></searchLink>. 2025 45(6):769-793.
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  Label: Availability
  Group: Avail
  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 25
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Elementary+Education%22">Elementary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Junior+High+Schools%22">Junior High Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Middle+Schools%22">Middle Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Elementary+School+Students%22">Elementary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Middle+School+Students%22">Middle School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Isolation%22">Social Isolation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Withdrawal+%28Psychology%29%22">Withdrawal (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Shyness%22">Shyness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Extraversion+Introversion%22">Extraversion Introversion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Motivation%22">Student Motivation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Depression+%28Psychology%29%22">Depression (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Characteristics%22">Student Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+Competence%22">Interpersonal Competence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Esteem%22">Self Esteem</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Locus+of+Control%22">Locus of Control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Problems%22">Social Problems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Adjustment%22">Student Adjustment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotional+Adjustment%22">Emotional Adjustment</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Italy%22">Italy</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1177/02724316241279003
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0272-4316<br />1552-5449
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigated links between motivations for social withdrawal, time spent alone, and indices of internalizing difficulties. Participants were 169 (n = 96 girls) children and early adolescents aged 8-14 years (M[subscript age] = 10.82, SD = 1.78). Children completed self-report measures of motivations for social withdrawal (shyness, unsociability), time spent alone, and indices of internalizing difficulties (social anxiety, depression, loneliness), whereas parents provided a broader rating of children's internalizing symptoms. Among the results, at higher levels of shyness, time spent alone was positively related to social anxiety, but this association was attenuated at lower levels of shyness. Higher levels of unsociability weakened the positive association between time spent alone and loneliness. Time alone was more strongly related to depression for early adolescents. These findings highlight the differential implications of solitude for shy children and early adolescents, who might experience more discomfort and anxiety compared to their more unsociable counterparts.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2025
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  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1467697
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1467697
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        Value: 10.1177/02724316241279003
    Languages:
      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 769
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Elementary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Middle School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social Isolation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Withdrawal (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Shyness
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      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
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      – SubjectFull: Extraversion Introversion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Motivation
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      – SubjectFull: Depression (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: Student Characteristics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interpersonal Competence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self Esteem
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      – SubjectFull: Locus of Control
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      – SubjectFull: Social Problems
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      – SubjectFull: Student Adjustment
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      – SubjectFull: Emotional Adjustment
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      – SubjectFull: Italy
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      – TitleFull: Examining Links between Motivations for Social Withdrawal, Time Spent Alone, and Indices of Internalizing Problems in Childhood and Early Adolescence
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            NameFull: Stefania Sette
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