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Methodological Aspects of the Solomon Four-Group Design: Detecting Pre-Test Sensitisation and Analysing Qualitative and Quantitative Variables in Education Research

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Title: Methodological Aspects of the Solomon Four-Group Design: Detecting Pre-Test Sensitisation and Analysing Qualitative and Quantitative Variables in Education Research
Language: English
Authors: Mourad El Karkri (ORCID 0009-0009-4269-7436), Antonio Quesada (ORCID 0000-0003-1659-8118), Marta Romero-Ariza (ORCID 0000-0002-2930-4089)
Source: Review of Education. 2025 13(1).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 13
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Educational Research, Research Methodology, Experimental Groups, Control Groups, Research Design, Quasiexperimental Design, Pretesting
DOI: 10.1002/rev3.70050
ISSN: 2049-6613
Abstract: Until now, the conventional approach using two distinct groups, experimental and control, continues to dominate research, especially education research. Researchers, particularly those who are active in this domain, readily recognise this pattern when surveying literature. This article explores the use of the Solomon four-group design as a methodological tool in experimental and quasi-experimental research, aiming to replicate and extend the flowchart developed by Braver and Braver. The article examines the strengths of the Solomon four-group design, highlighting its relevance in addressing methodological issues and its potential applicability. It emphasises the design's ability to first detect the presence or absence of pre-test sensitisation and then facilitate the analysis of both qualitative and quantitative variables, considering the existence or absence of pre-test sensitisation in each case. Hence, the paper provides comprehensive and practical guidelines for researchers and practitioners interested in applying this research design. The implications for future studies are also discussed, offering insights into the broader impact of methodological rigour in social sciences.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1468443
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Methodological Aspects of the Solomon Four-Group Design: Detecting Pre-Test Sensitisation and Analysing Qualitative and Quantitative Variables in Education Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mourad+El+Karkri%22">Mourad El Karkri</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4269-7436">0009-0009-4269-7436</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Antonio+Quesada%22">Antonio Quesada</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1659-8118">0000-0003-1659-8118</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marta+Romero-Ariza%22">Marta Romero-Ariza</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-4089">0000-0002-2930-4089</externalLink>)
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: Until now, the conventional approach using two distinct groups, experimental and control, continues to dominate research, especially education research. Researchers, particularly those who are active in this domain, readily recognise this pattern when surveying literature. This article explores the use of the Solomon four-group design as a methodological tool in experimental and quasi-experimental research, aiming to replicate and extend the flowchart developed by Braver and Braver. The article examines the strengths of the Solomon four-group design, highlighting its relevance in addressing methodological issues and its potential applicability. It emphasises the design's ability to first detect the presence or absence of pre-test sensitisation and then facilitate the analysis of both qualitative and quantitative variables, considering the existence or absence of pre-test sensitisation in each case. Hence, the paper provides comprehensive and practical guidelines for researchers and practitioners interested in applying this research design. The implications for future studies are also discussed, offering insights into the broader impact of methodological rigour in social sciences.
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      – SubjectFull: Research Methodology
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      – SubjectFull: Experimental Groups
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      – SubjectFull: Quasiexperimental Design
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