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Fluency Development through Freewriting and Transfer to Other More Structured Tasks

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Title: Fluency Development through Freewriting and Transfer to Other More Structured Tasks
Language: English
Authors: Raymond Yasuda (ORCID 0000-0001-5609-5051)
Source: Language Teaching Research. 2025 29(3):986-1006.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 21
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Essays, English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Undergraduate Students, Writing (Composition), Timed Tests, Writing Improvement, Holistic Approach, Scores, Short Term Memory, Writing Processes, Transfer of Training, Writing Instruction, Private Colleges, Second Language Instruction, Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: Japan
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Test of English as a Foreign Language
DOI: 10.1177/13621688221084899
ISSN: 1362-1688
1477-0954
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of consistent freewriting practice on written fluency development. Thirty-nine first-year university students completed 70 10-minute freewriting activities over the course of an academic semester. Written fluency, measured as words produced per minute (wpm), increased from a mean of 19.5 wpm to 30.1 wpm over a period of 15 weeks. Further analysis revealed statistically significant gains over two-week intervals. The participants also wrote three timed TOEFL-style essays at the beginning, middle, and end of the semester to see whether fluency gains transferred to more structured contexts. The results showed a statistically significant increase in written output on the timed essays, along with an increase in holistic scores. Findings indicate that consistent freewriting can result in rapid and statistically significant fluency gains that carry over to other more structured contexts. In addition, the improved scores on the timed essays suggest increased fluency may allow learners to attend to other aspects of writing, improving the global quality of the text. A detailed description of the fluency building activity and discussion of results are provided.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1469720
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Fluency Development through Freewriting and Transfer to Other More Structured Tasks
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Raymond+Yasuda%22">Raymond Yasuda</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5609-5051">0000-0001-5609-5051</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Language+Teaching+Research%22"><i>Language Teaching Research</i></searchLink>. 2025 29(3):986-1006.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Fluency%22">Language Fluency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Essays%22">Essays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22English+%28Second+Language%29%22">English (Second Language)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Tests%22">Language Tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Learning%22">Second Language Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Undergraduate+Students%22">Undergraduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Writing+%28Composition%29%22">Writing (Composition)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Timed+Tests%22">Timed Tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Writing+Improvement%22">Writing Improvement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Holistic+Approach%22">Holistic Approach</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Scores%22">Scores</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short+Term+Memory%22">Short Term Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Writing+Processes%22">Writing Processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transfer+of+Training%22">Transfer of Training</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Writing+Instruction%22">Writing Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Private+Colleges%22">Private Colleges</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Instruction%22">Second Language Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1177/13621688221084899
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  Data: 1362-1688<br />1477-0954
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: This study investigated the effect of consistent freewriting practice on written fluency development. Thirty-nine first-year university students completed 70 10-minute freewriting activities over the course of an academic semester. Written fluency, measured as words produced per minute (wpm), increased from a mean of 19.5 wpm to 30.1 wpm over a period of 15 weeks. Further analysis revealed statistically significant gains over two-week intervals. The participants also wrote three timed TOEFL-style essays at the beginning, middle, and end of the semester to see whether fluency gains transferred to more structured contexts. The results showed a statistically significant increase in written output on the timed essays, along with an increase in holistic scores. Findings indicate that consistent freewriting can result in rapid and statistically significant fluency gains that carry over to other more structured contexts. In addition, the improved scores on the timed essays suggest increased fluency may allow learners to attend to other aspects of writing, improving the global quality of the text. A detailed description of the fluency building activity and discussion of results are provided.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1469720
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        Value: 10.1177/13621688221084899
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      – Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Language Fluency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Essays
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      – SubjectFull: English (Second Language)
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      – SubjectFull: Timed Tests
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      – SubjectFull: Writing Improvement
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      – SubjectFull: Holistic Approach
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      – SubjectFull: Scores
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      – SubjectFull: Short Term Memory
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      – SubjectFull: Writing Processes
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      – SubjectFull: Transfer of Training
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      – SubjectFull: Private Colleges
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      – SubjectFull: Test of English as a Foreign Language
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      – TitleFull: Fluency Development through Freewriting and Transfer to Other More Structured Tasks
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