View in EDS

EMTIHAN: Design of a Novel Approach to Secure Online Examination Challenge in Remote Learning

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Title: EMTIHAN: Design of a Novel Approach to Secure Online Examination Challenge in Remote Learning
Language: English
Authors: Ata Jahangir Moshayedi, Atanu Shuvam Roy, Zeashan Hameed Khan (ORCID 0000-0003-2002-8951), Hong Lan, Habibollah Lotfi, Xiaohong Zhang
Source: Education and Information Technologies. 2025 30(7):9573-9604.
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 32
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Evaluative
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Distance Education, MOOCs, Virtual Classrooms, Educational Quality, Test Format, Program Effectiveness, Foreign Countries
DOI: 10.1007/s10639-024-13170-4
ISSN: 1360-2357
1573-7608
Abstract: In this paper, a secure exam proctoring assistant 'EMTIHAN' (which means exam in Arabic/Persian/Urdu/Turkish languages) is developed to address concerns related to online exams for handwritten topics by allowing students to submit their answers online securely via their mobile devices. This system is designed with an aim to lessen the student's burden of exam submission by offering portable hardware and easy-to-use cloud infrastructure. The main contribution of this research is to design an innovative system for online examination (in remote or distance learning scenarios), and using mixed methods i.e. both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis to verify its performance. The comparative results regarding submission time and security features have proven the efficacy of EMTIHAN against manual submission with participants across 5 countries using purposive sampling and currently available solutions e.g. Chaoxing MOOC and Google Classroom with 94.5% student satisfaction rate. Furthermore, app scan quality is measured using structural similarity index measure comparing with popular CamScanner app showing better quality despite image compression.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1470558
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: eric
DbLabel: ERIC
An: EJ1470558
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: EMTIHAN: Design of a Novel Approach to Secure Online Examination Challenge in Remote Learning
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ata+Jahangir+Moshayedi%22">Ata Jahangir Moshayedi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Atanu+Shuvam+Roy%22">Atanu Shuvam Roy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zeashan+Hameed+Khan%22">Zeashan Hameed Khan</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2002-8951">0000-0003-2002-8951</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hong+Lan%22">Hong Lan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Habibollah+Lotfi%22">Habibollah Lotfi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xiaohong+Zhang%22">Xiaohong Zhang</searchLink>
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Education+and+Information+Technologies%22"><i>Education and Information Technologies</i></searchLink>. 2025 30(7):9573-9604.
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
  Group: Avail
  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
– Name: PeerReviewed
  Label: Peer Reviewed
  Group: SrcInfo
  Data: Y
– Name: Pages
  Label: Page Count
  Group: Src
  Data: 32
– Name: DatePubCY
  Label: Publication Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2025
– Name: TypeDocument
  Label: Document Type
  Group: TypDoc
  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Evaluative
– Name: Subject
  Label: Descriptors
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Assisted+Testing%22">Computer Assisted Testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Distance+Education%22">Distance Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MOOCs%22">MOOCs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Virtual+Classrooms%22">Virtual Classrooms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Quality%22">Educational Quality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Format%22">Test Format</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Program+Effectiveness%22">Program Effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1007/s10639-024-13170-4
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 1360-2357<br />1573-7608
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: In this paper, a secure exam proctoring assistant 'EMTIHAN' (which means exam in Arabic/Persian/Urdu/Turkish languages) is developed to address concerns related to online exams for handwritten topics by allowing students to submit their answers online securely via their mobile devices. This system is designed with an aim to lessen the student's burden of exam submission by offering portable hardware and easy-to-use cloud infrastructure. The main contribution of this research is to design an innovative system for online examination (in remote or distance learning scenarios), and using mixed methods i.e. both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis to verify its performance. The comparative results regarding submission time and security features have proven the efficacy of EMTIHAN against manual submission with participants across 5 countries using purposive sampling and currently available solutions e.g. Chaoxing MOOC and Google Classroom with 94.5% student satisfaction rate. Furthermore, app scan quality is measured using structural similarity index measure comparing with popular CamScanner app showing better quality despite image compression.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
  Group: Ab
  Data: As Provided
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2025
– Name: AN
  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1470558
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1470558
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s10639-024-13170-4
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 32
        StartPage: 9573
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Computer Assisted Testing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Distance Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MOOCs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Virtual Classrooms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Quality
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Format
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Program Effectiveness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: EMTIHAN: Design of a Novel Approach to Secure Online Examination Challenge in Remote Learning
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ata Jahangir Moshayedi
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Atanu Shuvam Roy
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zeashan Hameed Khan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hong Lan
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Habibollah Lotfi
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Xiaohong Zhang
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 1360-2357
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1573-7608
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 30
            – Type: issue
              Value: 7
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Education and Information Technologies
              Type: main
ResultId 1