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Effect of Behavior Contracts on Reducing Problem Behaviors and Enhancing Academic Engagement in General Classroom Settings

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Title: Effect of Behavior Contracts on Reducing Problem Behaviors and Enhancing Academic Engagement in General Classroom Settings
Language: English
Authors: Rakan M. Alshammari (ORCID 0000-0002-0550-7674)
Source: Problems of Education in the 21st Century. 2025 83(2):176-195.
Availability: Scientia Socialis Ltd. 29 K. Donelaicio Street, LT-78115 Siauliai, Republic of Lithuania. e-mail: scientia@scientiasocialis.lt; e-mail: problemsofeducation@gmail.com; Web site: http://www.scientiasocialis.lt/pec/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 20
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Grade 11
High Schools
Grade 12
Descriptors: Behavior Problems, Intervention, Performance Contracts, Secondary School Students, Learner Engagement, Males, Program Effectiveness, Foreign Countries, Grade 11, Grade 12, High School Students
Geographic Terms: Saudi Arabia
ISSN: 1822-7864
2538-7111
Abstract: Many students in schools may demonstrate problem behaviors and show signs of academic disengagement behaviors in schools, especially students who are educated in upper-secondary schools. Exhibition of problem behaviors may negatively affect students' academic performance. These students need to receive effective interventions, such as behavioral contract interventions, to help them behave and learn well. This study aimed to examine the effect of employing behavioral contract interventions in the reduction of problem behaviors and the enhancement of academic engagement in four upper-secondary students who exhibit problem behaviors and show signs of academic disengagement behaviors in general classroom settings. The single-subject research with ABAB design was used as an experimental method to examine the effect of behavioral contract intervention for the four upper-secondary students. All four upper-secondary school students were male students. These students were observed during the study by daily progress reports as a data collection tool by two observers. The results of the study displayed a positive effect on the four upper-secondary students using behavioral contract intervention. All the students had high levels of reducing problem behaviors and increasing academic engagement behaviors. The study found that the behavioral contract intervention was a useful intervention for all the students. These findings indicated that the behavioral contract intervention can be added as part of the school's policy to reduce students' problem behaviors and enhance academic engagement behaviors. Also, the intervention may need to be replicated with another gender, such as female students.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1472206
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Effect of Behavior Contracts on Reducing Problem Behaviors and Enhancing Academic Engagement in General Classroom Settings
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rakan+M%2E+Alshammari%22">Rakan M. Alshammari</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-7674">0000-0002-0550-7674</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Problems+of+Education+in+the+21st+Century%22"><i>Problems of Education in the 21st Century</i></searchLink>. 2025 83(2):176-195.
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  Data: Scientia Socialis Ltd. 29 K. Donelaicio Street, LT-78115 Siauliai, Republic of Lithuania. e-mail: scientia@scientiasocialis.lt; e-mail: problemsofeducation@gmail.com; Web site: http://www.scientiasocialis.lt/pec/
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+Problems%22">Behavior Problems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intervention%22">Intervention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Performance+Contracts%22">Performance Contracts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+School+Students%22">Secondary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learner+Engagement%22">Learner Engagement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Males%22">Males</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Program+Effectiveness%22">Program Effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+11%22">Grade 11</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+12%22">Grade 12</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22High+School+Students%22">High School Students</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Saudi+Arabia%22">Saudi Arabia</searchLink>
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  Data: 1822-7864<br />2538-7111
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  Data: Many students in schools may demonstrate problem behaviors and show signs of academic disengagement behaviors in schools, especially students who are educated in upper-secondary schools. Exhibition of problem behaviors may negatively affect students' academic performance. These students need to receive effective interventions, such as behavioral contract interventions, to help them behave and learn well. This study aimed to examine the effect of employing behavioral contract interventions in the reduction of problem behaviors and the enhancement of academic engagement in four upper-secondary students who exhibit problem behaviors and show signs of academic disengagement behaviors in general classroom settings. The single-subject research with ABAB design was used as an experimental method to examine the effect of behavioral contract intervention for the four upper-secondary students. All four upper-secondary school students were male students. These students were observed during the study by daily progress reports as a data collection tool by two observers. The results of the study displayed a positive effect on the four upper-secondary students using behavioral contract intervention. All the students had high levels of reducing problem behaviors and increasing academic engagement behaviors. The study found that the behavioral contract intervention was a useful intervention for all the students. These findings indicated that the behavioral contract intervention can be added as part of the school's policy to reduce students' problem behaviors and enhance academic engagement behaviors. Also, the intervention may need to be replicated with another gender, such as female students.
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 20
        StartPage: 176
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      – SubjectFull: Behavior Problems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intervention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Performance Contracts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learner Engagement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Males
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Program Effectiveness
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Grade 11
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      – SubjectFull: Grade 12
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      – SubjectFull: High School Students
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      – SubjectFull: Saudi Arabia
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      – TitleFull: Effect of Behavior Contracts on Reducing Problem Behaviors and Enhancing Academic Engagement in General Classroom Settings
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