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Robot-Assisted Language Learning: A Meta-Analysis

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Title: Robot-Assisted Language Learning: A Meta-Analysis
Language: English
Authors: Ali Derakhshan (ORCID 0000-0002-6639-9339), Timothy Teo, Esmaeel Saeedy Robat (ORCID 0000-0001-9899-8523), Mostafa Janebi Enayat (ORCID 0000-0001-8724-9121), Akbar A. Jahanbakhsh
Source: Review of Educational Research. 2025 95(4):747-774.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 28
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Robotics, Technology Uses in Education, Meta Analysis, Second Language Learning, Language Acquisition, Second Language Instruction, Teaching Methods, Instructional Effectiveness, Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains, Language Proficiency
DOI: 10.3102/00346543241247227
ISSN: 0034-6543
1935-1046
Abstract: This meta-analysis included 27 empirical studies to explore the effectiveness of robot-assisted language learning (RALL) as well as the moderating effects of a number of variables. The comparison of 64 effect sizes from 2,637 participants indicated significant variability between the independent samples. The overall results showed that the combined linguistic and affective gain of RALL was significant. The results of moderator analysis showed that most moderators, including place of the study, type of robot, publication type, instructional level of the learners, design of the study, time points of assessment, learning setting, second language (L2) proficiency level, type of assessment, language domain, and the non-RALL condition had no significant effects on learning outcomes. However, the moderating effect of the participants' age was significant as RALL was found to be more effective for elementary school students (7-12 years old). The findings provide insights into the design of effective robots for second language acquisition (SLA) that support learners with certain characteristics.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1476892
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Robot-Assisted Language Learning: A Meta-Analysis
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ali+Derakhshan%22">Ali Derakhshan</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-9339">0000-0002-6639-9339</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Timothy+Teo%22">Timothy Teo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Esmaeel+Saeedy+Robat%22">Esmaeel Saeedy Robat</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9899-8523">0000-0001-9899-8523</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mostafa+Janebi+Enayat%22">Mostafa Janebi Enayat</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8724-9121">0000-0001-8724-9121</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Akbar+A%2E+Jahanbakhsh%22">Akbar A. Jahanbakhsh</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Review+of+Educational+Research%22"><i>Review of Educational Research</i></searchLink>. 2025 95(4):747-774.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: This meta-analysis included 27 empirical studies to explore the effectiveness of robot-assisted language learning (RALL) as well as the moderating effects of a number of variables. The comparison of 64 effect sizes from 2,637 participants indicated significant variability between the independent samples. The overall results showed that the combined linguistic and affective gain of RALL was significant. The results of moderator analysis showed that most moderators, including place of the study, type of robot, publication type, instructional level of the learners, design of the study, time points of assessment, learning setting, second language (L2) proficiency level, type of assessment, language domain, and the non-RALL condition had no significant effects on learning outcomes. However, the moderating effect of the participants' age was significant as RALL was found to be more effective for elementary school students (7-12 years old). The findings provide insights into the design of effective robots for second language acquisition (SLA) that support learners with certain characteristics.
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        Value: 10.3102/00346543241247227
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Technology Uses in Education
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      – SubjectFull: Meta Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Instructional Effectiveness
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      – SubjectFull: Academic Achievement
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      – SubjectFull: Achievement Gains
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      – SubjectFull: Language Proficiency
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