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Effects of Digital Citizenship Educational Game on Teenagers' Learning Achievement, Motivation, Cognitive Load, and Behavioral Patterns

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Title: Effects of Digital Citizenship Educational Game on Teenagers' Learning Achievement, Motivation, Cognitive Load, and Behavioral Patterns
Language: English
Authors: Jiawen Liu (ORCID 0000-0002-3843-845X), Rustam Shadiev (ORCID 0000-0001-5571-1158), Mei Cao (ORCID 0000-0003-2141-0597)
Source: Education and Information Technologies. 2025 30(11):15817-15870.
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 54
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: Computer Games, Educational Games, Game Based Learning, Citizenship Education, Academic Achievement, Learner Engagement, Learning Motivation, Middle School Students, Gamification, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Social Cognition, Behavior Patterns, Situated Learning
DOI: 10.1007/s10639-025-13399-7
ISSN: 1360-2357
1573-7608
Abstract: Integrating digital games into learning about digital citizenship has garnered significant attention. While digital game-based learning has the potential to enhance learners' academic performance, engagement, and motivation, these games often focus on specific aspects of digital citizenship education and lack systematic design approaches. Furthermore, current game designs are predominantly influenced by behaviorist learning theories, which enhance learning through stimulus reinforcement. However, there remains a gap in providing learners with an autonomously constructive and actively engaging learning environment that fosters meaningful learning. This study, guided by social cognitive theory, designs and develops an educational game system for digital citizenship. It also explores the impact of this digital game on middle school students' digital citizenship learning achievements and their perceptions of learning motivation and cognitive load during the learning process. Additionally, lag sequential analysis is employed to identify differences in behavioral patterns between high-progress and low-progress groups in game-based learning. A total of 80 first-year middle school students participated in this study. The experimental group engaged in digital citizenship education through the digital game, while the control group learned through regular class-themed courses. The results indicate that gamified digital citizenship education positively influences students' learning achievements, reduces cognitive load, and benefits students with initially low learning motivation. Differences in behavioral patterns between high-progress and low-progress groups during game participation were observed. Based on these findings, the study offers several recommendations and measures for educators and researchers in this field.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1478883
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Effects of Digital Citizenship Educational Game on Teenagers' Learning Achievement, Motivation, Cognitive Load, and Behavioral Patterns
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jiawen+Liu%22">Jiawen Liu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3843-845X">0000-0002-3843-845X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rustam+Shadiev%22">Rustam Shadiev</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5571-1158">0000-0001-5571-1158</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mei+Cao%22">Mei Cao</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2141-0597">0000-0003-2141-0597</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Education+and+Information+Technologies%22"><i>Education and Information Technologies</i></searchLink>. 2025 30(11):15817-15870.
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  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
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  Data: 54
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Games%22">Computer Games</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Games%22">Educational Games</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Game+Based+Learning%22">Game Based Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Citizenship+Education%22">Citizenship Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Achievement%22">Academic Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learner+Engagement%22">Learner Engagement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+Motivation%22">Learning Motivation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Middle+School+Students%22">Middle School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gamification%22">Gamification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Processes%22">Cognitive Processes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Difficulty+Level%22">Difficulty Level</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Cognition%22">Social Cognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+Patterns%22">Behavior Patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Situated+Learning%22">Situated Learning</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1007/s10639-025-13399-7
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  Data: 1360-2357<br />1573-7608
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Integrating digital games into learning about digital citizenship has garnered significant attention. While digital game-based learning has the potential to enhance learners' academic performance, engagement, and motivation, these games often focus on specific aspects of digital citizenship education and lack systematic design approaches. Furthermore, current game designs are predominantly influenced by behaviorist learning theories, which enhance learning through stimulus reinforcement. However, there remains a gap in providing learners with an autonomously constructive and actively engaging learning environment that fosters meaningful learning. This study, guided by social cognitive theory, designs and develops an educational game system for digital citizenship. It also explores the impact of this digital game on middle school students' digital citizenship learning achievements and their perceptions of learning motivation and cognitive load during the learning process. Additionally, lag sequential analysis is employed to identify differences in behavioral patterns between high-progress and low-progress groups in game-based learning. A total of 80 first-year middle school students participated in this study. The experimental group engaged in digital citizenship education through the digital game, while the control group learned through regular class-themed courses. The results indicate that gamified digital citizenship education positively influences students' learning achievements, reduces cognitive load, and benefits students with initially low learning motivation. Differences in behavioral patterns between high-progress and low-progress groups during game participation were observed. Based on these findings, the study offers several recommendations and measures for educators and researchers in this field.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1478883
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        Value: 10.1007/s10639-025-13399-7
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 54
        StartPage: 15817
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Computer Games
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Games
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      – SubjectFull: Game Based Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Citizenship Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Academic Achievement
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      – SubjectFull: Learner Engagement
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      – SubjectFull: Learning Motivation
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      – SubjectFull: Middle School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gamification
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Processes
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      – SubjectFull: Difficulty Level
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      – SubjectFull: Social Cognition
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      – SubjectFull: Behavior Patterns
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      – SubjectFull: Situated Learning
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effects of Digital Citizenship Educational Game on Teenagers' Learning Achievement, Motivation, Cognitive Load, and Behavioral Patterns
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