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The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy through Guided Self-Reflection

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Title: The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy through Guided Self-Reflection
Language: English
Authors: Rebecca E. Gibbons (ORCID 0000-0002-8345-9938), Deborah Hokien (ORCID 0000-0001-5452-692X), Bryant L. Hutson (ORCID 0000-0003-3180-563X), Heather T. D. Maness (ORCID 0000-0003-0373-3333)
Source: Intersection: A Journal at the Intersection of Assessment and Learning. 2025 6(1):80-127.
Availability: Association for the Assessment of Learning in Higher Education. 6844 Bardstown Road #910, Louisville, KY 40291. Tel: 502-406-8012; e-mail: info@aalhe.org; Web site: https://www.aalhe.org/intersection
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 48
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Reflection, Evaluation Methods, Self Evaluation (Individuals), Undergraduate Students, STEM Education, Student Evaluation, Student Improvement, Metacognition, Self Management, Learning Strategies, Academic Achievement, Higher Education
ISSN: 2688-7207
Abstract: This literature review (n = 30) examines the potential of exam wrappers to rapidly improve student learning in higher education. Exam wrappers, introduced as pre- and post-test reflection prompts (though widely varied), encourage students to engage in self-assessment and self-regulated learning (SRL). The vast majority of studies exclusively involved Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics undergraduate courses. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were implemented, but only five were randomized control trials. Findings indicate that exam wrappers can lead to improvements in metacognition, SRL, and academic achievement, particularly when coupled with SRL training. While the magnitude of these positive effects can vary depending on the academic context and student characteristics, there is evidence exam wrappers hold significant promise for enhancing teaching and learning. Future research should focus on refining exam wrapper design for varied contexts, documenting fidelity, and conducting rigorous studies across diverse disciplines to better understand their impact and optimize effectiveness.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1479768
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy through Guided Self-Reflection
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rebecca+E%2E+Gibbons%22">Rebecca E. Gibbons</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-9938">0000-0002-8345-9938</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Deborah+Hokien%22">Deborah Hokien</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5452-692X">0000-0001-5452-692X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bryant+L%2E+Hutson%22">Bryant L. Hutson</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-563X">0000-0003-3180-563X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heather+T%2E+D%2E+Maness%22">Heather T. D. Maness</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0373-3333">0000-0003-0373-3333</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Intersection%3A+A+Journal+at+the+Intersection+of+Assessment+and+Learning%22"><i>Intersection: A Journal at the Intersection of Assessment and Learning</i></searchLink>. 2025 6(1):80-127.
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  Data: Association for the Assessment of Learning in Higher Education. 6844 Bardstown Road #910, Louisville, KY 40291. Tel: 502-406-8012; e-mail: info@aalhe.org; Web site: https://www.aalhe.org/intersection
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Reflection%22">Reflection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evaluation+Methods%22">Evaluation Methods</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Evaluation+%28Individuals%29%22">Self Evaluation (Individuals)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Undergraduate+Students%22">Undergraduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22STEM+Education%22">STEM Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Evaluation%22">Student Evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Improvement%22">Student Improvement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metacognition%22">Metacognition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Management%22">Self Management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+Strategies%22">Learning Strategies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Achievement%22">Academic Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink>
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  Data: This literature review (n = 30) examines the potential of exam wrappers to rapidly improve student learning in higher education. Exam wrappers, introduced as pre- and post-test reflection prompts (though widely varied), encourage students to engage in self-assessment and self-regulated learning (SRL). The vast majority of studies exclusively involved Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics undergraduate courses. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were implemented, but only five were randomized control trials. Findings indicate that exam wrappers can lead to improvements in metacognition, SRL, and academic achievement, particularly when coupled with SRL training. While the magnitude of these positive effects can vary depending on the academic context and student characteristics, there is evidence exam wrappers hold significant promise for enhancing teaching and learning. Future research should focus on refining exam wrapper design for varied contexts, documenting fidelity, and conducting rigorous studies across diverse disciplines to better understand their impact and optimize effectiveness.
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      – SubjectFull: Self Evaluation (Individuals)
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      – SubjectFull: Higher Education
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      – TitleFull: The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy through Guided Self-Reflection
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