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Behavioural Engagement, Academic Dishonesty, and Performance Gaps: Comparing Online and Paper-Pencil Based Tests in an Online Learning Context

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Title: Behavioural Engagement, Academic Dishonesty, and Performance Gaps: Comparing Online and Paper-Pencil Based Tests in an Online Learning Context
Language: English
Authors: Necati Taskin, Mehmet Kokoç (ORCID 0000-0002-1347-8033)
Source: Education and Information Technologies. 2025 30(13):18895-18919.
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 25
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Cheating, Ethics, Computer Assisted Testing, Technology Uses in Education, College Students, Learner Engagement, Predictor Variables, Paper and Pencil Tests, Student Behavior, Online Courses, Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: Turkey
DOI: 10.1007/s10639-025-13514-8
ISSN: 1360-2357
1573-7608
Abstract: This study examines the growing issue of academic dishonesty in online assessments, a challenge intensified by the expansion of digital learning platforms. Specifically, it investigates the relationship between students' online engagement and their performance in online versus traditional paper-and-pencil tests. Employing a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 1,022 students across various faculties at a state university. Regression analysis revealed that behavioural engagement significantly predicted performance in paper-pencil tests but not in online assessments. Moreover, students scored higher in online tests, yet the weak correlation between scores across both formats raises concerns about the validity of online assessments in accurately reflecting student learning. These findings underscore the necessity of enhancing online assessment integrity and leveraging engagement metrics to prevent academic dishonesty. The study suggests that educators, policymakers, and administrators should consider student engagement as a key factor in fostering a culture of academic honesty while supporting students' academic performance.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1480927
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Necati+Taskin%22">Necati Taskin</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mehmet+Kokoç%22">Mehmet Kokoç</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-8033">0000-0002-1347-8033</externalLink>)
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  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
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  Data: This study examines the growing issue of academic dishonesty in online assessments, a challenge intensified by the expansion of digital learning platforms. Specifically, it investigates the relationship between students' online engagement and their performance in online versus traditional paper-and-pencil tests. Employing a cross-sectional research design, data were collected from 1,022 students across various faculties at a state university. Regression analysis revealed that behavioural engagement significantly predicted performance in paper-pencil tests but not in online assessments. Moreover, students scored higher in online tests, yet the weak correlation between scores across both formats raises concerns about the validity of online assessments in accurately reflecting student learning. These findings underscore the necessity of enhancing online assessment integrity and leveraging engagement metrics to prevent academic dishonesty. The study suggests that educators, policymakers, and administrators should consider student engagement as a key factor in fostering a culture of academic honesty while supporting students' academic performance.
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