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What Makes Public School Teachers Happy in the New Normal? An Exploratory Sequential Study

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Title: What Makes Public School Teachers Happy in the New Normal? An Exploratory Sequential Study
Language: English
Authors: Jimmy Rey Cabardo (ORCID 0000-0002-1219-0580)
Source: International Journal of Research in Education and Science. 2025 11(3):702-723.
Availability: International Society for Technology, Education, and Science. e-mail: ijresoffice@gmail.com; Web site: https://www.ijres.net/index.php/ijres
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 23
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Public School Teachers, Teacher Attitudes, Psychological Patterns, Job Satisfaction, Foreign Countries, Teacher Effectiveness, Teacher Characteristics, Attitude Measures, Teacher Surveys, Questionnaires, Factor Analysis, Construct Validity, Test Reliability, Job Performance, Family Work Relationship, Teacher Salaries, Factor Structure
Geographic Terms: Philippines
ISSN: 2148-9955
Abstract: Teacher happiness is a critical component of effective teaching. When teachers are happy, it often translates into more effective and engaging teaching. This exploratory sequential research primarily aimed to explore the characteristics and sources of happiness of public-school teachers in the new normal and eventually develop a public-school teachers' happiness scale in the new normal. In gathering qualitative data, ten public school teachers underwent in-depth interviews while 302 public school teachers responded the initial survey questionnaire to determine the factor structures that significantly characterize the happiness of public-school teachers in the new normal through exploratory factor analysis utilizing the VARIMAX orthogonal rotation method with Kaiser normalization. Results revealed four significant themes generating 60 items for the preliminary questionnaire characterizing the happiness of public-school teachers in the new normal. After dimension reduction, the 60 items are distributed into six constructs which are all found valid and reliable. The teachers' happiness scale captures the factor structures and sources of happiness of teachers in the new normal. The happiness scale in the new normal may help DepEd officials, school heads, teachers, and the community partners identify factors that enhance teacher wellbeing, leading to improved morale, job satisfaction, and overall school performance.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1480992
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: What Makes Public School Teachers Happy in the New Normal? An Exploratory Sequential Study
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jimmy+Rey+Cabardo%22">Jimmy Rey Cabardo</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1219-0580">0000-0002-1219-0580</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Research+in+Education+and+Science%22"><i>International Journal of Research in Education and Science</i></searchLink>. 2025 11(3):702-723.
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  Data: International Society for Technology, Education, and Science. e-mail: ijresoffice@gmail.com; Web site: https://www.ijres.net/index.php/ijres
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+School+Teachers%22">Public School Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Attitudes%22">Teacher Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Psychological+Patterns%22">Psychological Patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Job+Satisfaction%22">Job Satisfaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Effectiveness%22">Teacher Effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Characteristics%22">Teacher Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitude+Measures%22">Attitude Measures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Surveys%22">Teacher Surveys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+Analysis%22">Factor Analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Construct+Validity%22">Construct Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Reliability%22">Test Reliability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Job+Performance%22">Job Performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Family+Work+Relationship%22">Family Work Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Salaries%22">Teacher Salaries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+Structure%22">Factor Structure</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Philippines%22">Philippines</searchLink>
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  Data: Teacher happiness is a critical component of effective teaching. When teachers are happy, it often translates into more effective and engaging teaching. This exploratory sequential research primarily aimed to explore the characteristics and sources of happiness of public-school teachers in the new normal and eventually develop a public-school teachers' happiness scale in the new normal. In gathering qualitative data, ten public school teachers underwent in-depth interviews while 302 public school teachers responded the initial survey questionnaire to determine the factor structures that significantly characterize the happiness of public-school teachers in the new normal through exploratory factor analysis utilizing the VARIMAX orthogonal rotation method with Kaiser normalization. Results revealed four significant themes generating 60 items for the preliminary questionnaire characterizing the happiness of public-school teachers in the new normal. After dimension reduction, the 60 items are distributed into six constructs which are all found valid and reliable. The teachers' happiness scale captures the factor structures and sources of happiness of teachers in the new normal. The happiness scale in the new normal may help DepEd officials, school heads, teachers, and the community partners identify factors that enhance teacher wellbeing, leading to improved morale, job satisfaction, and overall school performance.
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 23
        StartPage: 702
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Public School Teachers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychological Patterns
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      – SubjectFull: Job Satisfaction
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Teacher Effectiveness
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Characteristics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitude Measures
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Surveys
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor Analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Construct Validity
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      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
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      – SubjectFull: Job Performance
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      – SubjectFull: Family Work Relationship
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Salaries
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      – SubjectFull: Factor Structure
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      – SubjectFull: Philippines
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: What Makes Public School Teachers Happy in the New Normal? An Exploratory Sequential Study
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