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Developing Feedback Taxonomy for Math: A Synergy of Perspectives through Data Mining Methods

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Title: Developing Feedback Taxonomy for Math: A Synergy of Perspectives through Data Mining Methods
Language: English
Authors: Seiyon M. Lee, Sami Baral, Hongming Chip Li, Li Cheng, Shan Zhang, Carly S. Thorp, Jennifer St. John, Tamisha Thompson, Neil Heffernan, Anthony F. Botelho
Source: Journal of Educational Data Mining. 2025 17(2):1-23.
Availability: International Educational Data Mining. e-mail: jedm.editor@gmail.com; Web site: https://jedm.educationaldatamining.org/index.php/JEDM
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 23
Publication Date: 2025
Sponsoring Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF)
Institute of Education Sciences (ED)
Contract Number: 2331379
1903304
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Junior High Schools
Middle Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Taxonomy, Data Analysis, Middle School Mathematics, Electronic Learning, Mathematics Instruction, Educational Technology, Questioning Techniques, Coding, Factor Analysis, Multivariate Analysis, Correlation
ISSN: 2157-2100
Abstract: Teachers often use open-ended questions to promote students' deeper understanding of the content. These questions are particularly useful in K-12 mathematics education, as they provide richer insights into students' problem-solving processes compared to closed-ended questions. However, they are also challenging to implement in educational technologies as significant time and effort are required to qualitatively evaluate the quality of students' responses and provide timely feedback. In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing algorithms to automatically grade students' open responses and generate feedback. Yet, few studies have focused on augmenting teachers' perceptions and judgments when assessing students' responses and crafting appropriate feedback. Even fewer have aimed to build empirically grounded frameworks and offer a shared language across different stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of feedback using data mining methods to analyze teacher-authored feedback from an online mathematics learning platform. By incorporating qualitative codes from both teachers and researchers, we take a methodological approach that accounts for the varying interpretations across coders. Through a synergy of diverse perspectives and data mining methods, our data-driven taxonomy reflects the complexity of feedback content as it appears in authentic settings. We discuss how this taxonomy can support more generalizable methods for providing pedagogically meaningful feedback at scale.
Abstractor: As Provided
IES Funded: Yes
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1483238
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Developing Feedback Taxonomy for Math: A Synergy of Perspectives through Data Mining Methods
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Seiyon+M%2E+Lee%22">Seiyon M. Lee</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sami+Baral%22">Sami Baral</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hongming+Chip+Li%22">Hongming Chip Li</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li+Cheng%22">Li Cheng</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shan+Zhang%22">Shan Zhang</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carly+S%2E+Thorp%22">Carly S. Thorp</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jennifer+St%2E+John%22">Jennifer St. John</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tamisha+Thompson%22">Tamisha Thompson</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neil+Heffernan%22">Neil Heffernan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anthony+F%2E+Botelho%22">Anthony F. Botelho</searchLink>
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  Data: International Educational Data Mining. e-mail: jedm.editor@gmail.com; Web site: https://jedm.educationaldatamining.org/index.php/JEDM
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  Data: Teachers often use open-ended questions to promote students' deeper understanding of the content. These questions are particularly useful in K-12 mathematics education, as they provide richer insights into students' problem-solving processes compared to closed-ended questions. However, they are also challenging to implement in educational technologies as significant time and effort are required to qualitatively evaluate the quality of students' responses and provide timely feedback. In recent years, there has been growing interest in developing algorithms to automatically grade students' open responses and generate feedback. Yet, few studies have focused on augmenting teachers' perceptions and judgments when assessing students' responses and crafting appropriate feedback. Even fewer have aimed to build empirically grounded frameworks and offer a shared language across different stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy of feedback using data mining methods to analyze teacher-authored feedback from an online mathematics learning platform. By incorporating qualitative codes from both teachers and researchers, we take a methodological approach that accounts for the varying interpretations across coders. Through a synergy of diverse perspectives and data mining methods, our data-driven taxonomy reflects the complexity of feedback content as it appears in authentic settings. We discuss how this taxonomy can support more generalizable methods for providing pedagogically meaningful feedback at scale.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2025
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PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1483238
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 23
        StartPage: 1
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      – SubjectFull: Feedback (Response)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Taxonomy
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      – SubjectFull: Data Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Middle School Mathematics
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      – SubjectFull: Electronic Learning
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      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Instruction
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      – SubjectFull: Questioning Techniques
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      – SubjectFull: Multivariate Analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Correlation
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