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Investigating Problem-Based Worksheets (PBWs) to Improve Understanding in Logic Gates Topic: Stacking and Racking Analyses in Rasch Model

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Title: Investigating Problem-Based Worksheets (PBWs) to Improve Understanding in Logic Gates Topic: Stacking and Racking Analyses in Rasch Model
Language: English
Authors: Nisaudzakiah Utami (ORCID 0009-0008-9186-4766), Agus Setiawan (ORCID 0000-0001-8848-0720), Ida Hamidah (ORCID 0000-0001-7720-8326), Thomas Koehler (ORCID 0000-0002-9438-5786)
Source: Educational Process: International Journal. Article e2025243 2025 16.
Availability: UNIVERSITEPARK Limited. iTOWER Plaza (No61, 9th floor) Merkez Mh Akar Cd No3, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey 34382. e-mail: editor@edupij.com; Web site: http://www.edupij.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 16
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: High Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: Problem Based Learning, Worksheets, Item Response Theory, Models, Electronic Equipment, Problem Solving, Active Learning, Scaffolding (Teaching Technique), Career and Technical Education Schools, High Schools, High School Students, Intervention, Instructional Effectiveness, Holistic Approach, Learning Experience, Student Behavior, Testing, Learner Engagement, Difficulty Level, Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
ISSN: 2147-0901
2564-8020
Abstract: Background/purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of Problem-Based Worksheets (PBWs) in improving conceptual understanding of logic gates. PBWs were designed with key characteristics that integrate authentic problem-solving, active student engagement, and conceptual scaffolding to support critical thinking processes. A total of 32 vocational high school (VHS) students in Indonesia were involved in the PBWs class. Materials/methods: This study employed a quantitative quasiexperimental one-group pretest-posttest design to examine the effects of PBWs on students' conceptual understanding. The intervention was conducted for 90 minutes, and 90 minutes for pre- and post-tests. Data were analyzed using stacking and racking within the Rasch model to measure changes in students' understanding and item characteristics. Results: The results significantly improved students' conceptual understanding of logic gates after the PBWs intervention. Due to nonnormal data distribution and small sample size (n = 32), Mann--Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used, both confirming statistically significant score increases (p < 0.05). Rasch analysis further supported this improvement, with a logit difference of -7.14 between pre- and posttests. Racking analysis revealed that item difficulty shifted, particularly for items 3, 5, 6, and 8. Despite overall gains, anomalies such as guessing, cheating, and carelessness influenced some students' results, as detected through response patterns and scalogram analysis. ConclusionL This study concluded that PBWs effectively improved students' conceptual understanding of logic gates in pneumatic. PBWs offered a more engaging and holistic learning experience. These findings highlight the need for consideration of student behaviour during testing to ensure accurate interpretation of educational outcomes.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1483307
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Investigating Problem-Based Worksheets (PBWs) to Improve Understanding in Logic Gates Topic: Stacking and Racking Analyses in Rasch Model
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  Data: Background/purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of Problem-Based Worksheets (PBWs) in improving conceptual understanding of logic gates. PBWs were designed with key characteristics that integrate authentic problem-solving, active student engagement, and conceptual scaffolding to support critical thinking processes. A total of 32 vocational high school (VHS) students in Indonesia were involved in the PBWs class. Materials/methods: This study employed a quantitative quasiexperimental one-group pretest-posttest design to examine the effects of PBWs on students&#39; conceptual understanding. The intervention was conducted for 90 minutes, and 90 minutes for pre- and post-tests. Data were analyzed using stacking and racking within the Rasch model to measure changes in students&#39; understanding and item characteristics. Results: The results significantly improved students&#39; conceptual understanding of logic gates after the PBWs intervention. Due to nonnormal data distribution and small sample size (n = 32), Mann--Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used, both confirming statistically significant score increases (p &lt; 0.05). Rasch analysis further supported this improvement, with a logit difference of -7.14 between pre- and posttests. Racking analysis revealed that item difficulty shifted, particularly for items 3, 5, 6, and 8. Despite overall gains, anomalies such as guessing, cheating, and carelessness influenced some students&#39; results, as detected through response patterns and scalogram analysis. ConclusionL This study concluded that PBWs effectively improved students&#39; conceptual understanding of logic gates in pneumatic. PBWs offered a more engaging and holistic learning experience. These findings highlight the need for consideration of student behaviour during testing to ensure accurate interpretation of educational outcomes.
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Problem Based Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Worksheets
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Item Response Theory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Models
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electronic Equipment
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      – SubjectFull: Problem Solving
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      – SubjectFull: Scaffolding (Teaching Technique)
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      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Investigating Problem-Based Worksheets (PBWs) to Improve Understanding in Logic Gates Topic: Stacking and Racking Analyses in Rasch Model
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