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Predictive Model of Mathematical Literacy Ability, Specifically University Students' Critical Thinking Skills: A Case Study on the Inappropriateness of Multilevel Regression

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Title: Predictive Model of Mathematical Literacy Ability, Specifically University Students' Critical Thinking Skills: A Case Study on the Inappropriateness of Multilevel Regression
Language: English
Authors: Pitriana Tandililing (ORCID 0000-0003-0161-5667), Bettisari Napitupulu (ORCID 0009-0007-0024-6202), Okky Riswandha Imawan (ORCID 0000-0002-9162-3822), Raoda Ismail (ORCID 0000-0003-0327-5766)
Source: Journal of Education and e-Learning Research. 2025 12(3):507-519.
Availability: Asian Online Journal Publishing Group. 244 Fifth Avenue Suite D42, New York, NY 10001. Fax: 212-591-6094; e-mail: info@asianonlinejournals.com; Web site: http://www.asianonlinejournals.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 13
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Mathematics Education, Geometry, Numeracy, College Students, Critical Thinking, Case Studies, Active Learning, Student Projects, Discovery Learning, Self Esteem, Sex, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Predictor Variables
ISSN: 2518-0169
2410-9991
Abstract: This study aims to analyze the influence of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and Guided Discovery Learning (GDL) on students' critical thinking skills in geometry focusing on mathematical literacy within geometry content. Specifically, it examines the effects of self-confidence, mathematical literacy scores, and gender on critical thinking skills and compares the predictive accuracy of multiple linear regression and multilevel regression models. A quantitative approach with regression analysis was used. Multiple linear regression and multilevel regression models were applied to assess the relationships among variables. Model accuracy was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to determine the impact of class-level grouping. Self-confidence and mathematical literacy in geometry significantly influenced students' critical thinking skills. Gender showed no significant effect. The multiple linear regression model outperformed the multilevel model as reflected by lower ICC values, indicating that class grouping did not substantially affect critical thinking outcomes. Internal factors, such as confidence and subject mastery are more critical to students' critical thinking development than external factors like gender or class grouping. Teachers should prioritize enhancing students' confidence and content mastery through well-designed instructional strategies to foster critical thinking in mathematics learning.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1483855
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Predictive Model of Mathematical Literacy Ability, Specifically University Students' Critical Thinking Skills: A Case Study on the Inappropriateness of Multilevel Regression
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pitriana+Tandililing%22">Pitriana Tandililing</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-5667">0000-0003-0161-5667</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bettisari+Napitupulu%22">Bettisari Napitupulu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0024-6202">0009-0007-0024-6202</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Okky+Riswandha+Imawan%22">Okky Riswandha Imawan</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-3822">0000-0002-9162-3822</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Raoda+Ismail%22">Raoda Ismail</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0327-5766">0000-0003-0327-5766</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Education+and+e-Learning+Research%22"><i>Journal of Education and e-Learning Research</i></searchLink>. 2025 12(3):507-519.
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  Data: Asian Online Journal Publishing Group. 244 Fifth Avenue Suite D42, New York, NY 10001. Fax: 212-591-6094; e-mail: info@asianonlinejournals.com; Web site: http://www.asianonlinejournals.com
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  Data: 13
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematics+Education%22">Mathematics Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geometry%22">Geometry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Numeracy%22">Numeracy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Students%22">College Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Critical+Thinking%22">Critical Thinking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Case+Studies%22">Case Studies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Active+Learning%22">Active Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Projects%22">Student Projects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Discovery+Learning%22">Discovery Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Esteem%22">Self Esteem</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex%22">Sex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hierarchical+Linear+Modeling%22">Hierarchical Linear Modeling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predictor+Variables%22">Predictor Variables</searchLink>
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  Data: 2518-0169<br />2410-9991
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study aims to analyze the influence of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and Guided Discovery Learning (GDL) on students' critical thinking skills in geometry focusing on mathematical literacy within geometry content. Specifically, it examines the effects of self-confidence, mathematical literacy scores, and gender on critical thinking skills and compares the predictive accuracy of multiple linear regression and multilevel regression models. A quantitative approach with regression analysis was used. Multiple linear regression and multilevel regression models were applied to assess the relationships among variables. Model accuracy was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to determine the impact of class-level grouping. Self-confidence and mathematical literacy in geometry significantly influenced students' critical thinking skills. Gender showed no significant effect. The multiple linear regression model outperformed the multilevel model as reflected by lower ICC values, indicating that class grouping did not substantially affect critical thinking outcomes. Internal factors, such as confidence and subject mastery are more critical to students' critical thinking development than external factors like gender or class grouping. Teachers should prioritize enhancing students' confidence and content mastery through well-designed instructional strategies to foster critical thinking in mathematics learning.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1483855
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1483855
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 507
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Numeracy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Students
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      – SubjectFull: Critical Thinking
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      – SubjectFull: Case Studies
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      – SubjectFull: Active Learning
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      – SubjectFull: Student Projects
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      – SubjectFull: Discovery Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self Esteem
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sex
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hierarchical Linear Modeling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Predictor Variables
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Predictive Model of Mathematical Literacy Ability, Specifically University Students' Critical Thinking Skills: A Case Study on the Inappropriateness of Multilevel Regression
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            NameFull: Pitriana Tandililing
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            NameFull: Bettisari Napitupulu
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            NameFull: Okky Riswandha Imawan
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            NameFull: Raoda Ismail
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