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Effects and Obstacles of Decree No. 86/2018/ND-CP on the Internationalization of Vietnamese Higher Education: Prospects and Hindrances

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Title: Effects and Obstacles of Decree No. 86/2018/ND-CP on the Internationalization of Vietnamese Higher Education: Prospects and Hindrances
Language: English
Authors: Phuoc Tai Nguyen (ORCID 0000-0002-8992-6656), Tran Thi Hong Le (ORCID 0009-0006-9419-6594), Luong Thi Hoai Thanh (ORCID 0009-0001-0084-0144)
Source: Educational Process: International Journal. Article e2025417 2025 18.
Availability: UNIVERSITEPARK Limited. iTOWER Plaza (No61, 9th floor) Merkez Mh Akar Cd No3, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey 34382. e-mail: editor@edupij.com; Web site: http://www.edupij.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 10
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Global Approach, Higher Education, Educational Benefits, Barriers, Federal Legislation, Educational Legislation, International Cooperation, Investment, Educational Finance, Educational Needs, College Administration, International Programs, Standards
Geographic Terms: Vietnam
ISSN: 2147-0901
2564-8020
Abstract: Background/Purpose: This study investigates the impacts and challenges of Decree No. 86/2018/ND-CP on foreign cooperation and investment in Vietnam's higher education, aiming to enhance internationalization while addressing local educational needs. Materials/Methods: The analysis draws on empirical data from the Ministry of Education and Training (MOET), scholarly literature, and hypothetical stakeholder interviews, including 50 university administrators, 30 rural educators, and 10 MOET staff. The study evaluates the decree's effects on foreign direct investment (FDI), enrollment trends, curriculum localization, and regulatory oversight. Results: Decree No. 86 has significantly increased FDI in education, with USD 78.9 million invested in 2019, including USD 5.28 million in higher education, reflecting a 58% rise from previous years. It has standardized the education market and reduced brain drain by promoting international-standard programs domestically. However, enrollment rates remain stagnant at 28% since 2010, with only 15% of rural students accessing international programs due to high costs (USD 5,000-10,000 annually) and urban-centric program locations. Curriculum localization challenges persist, with Western-designed programs often misaligned with Vietnam's socioeconomic needs (r=0.3 correlation between FDI and enrollment growth). Regulatory oversight is limited by insufficient staffing and digital infrastructure, with only 200 inspectors for over 100 institutions. Conclusion: Decree No. 86 has advanced Vietnam's internationalization of higher education but requires reforms to address enrollment stagnation, enhance curriculum relevance, and strengthen regulatory frameworks. Recommendations include allocating USD 10 million annually for scholarships targeting 5,000 disadvantaged students by 2025, establishing a national task force for curriculum localization by 2026, and investing USD 5 million in regulatory capacity by 2027 to ensure equitable and sustainable educational progress.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1485524
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Effects and Obstacles of Decree No. 86/2018/ND-CP on the Internationalization of Vietnamese Higher Education: Prospects and Hindrances
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Phuoc+Tai+Nguyen%22">Phuoc Tai Nguyen</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-6656">0000-0002-8992-6656</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tran+Thi+Hong+Le%22">Tran Thi Hong Le</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9419-6594">0009-0006-9419-6594</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luong+Thi+Hoai+Thanh%22">Luong Thi Hoai Thanh</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0084-0144">0009-0001-0084-0144</externalLink>)
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  Data: UNIVERSITEPARK Limited. iTOWER Plaza (No61, 9th floor) Merkez Mh Akar Cd No3, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey 34382. e-mail: editor@edupij.com; Web site: http://www.edupij.com/
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+Approach%22">Global Approach</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Benefits%22">Educational Benefits</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Barriers%22">Barriers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Federal+Legislation%22">Federal Legislation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Legislation%22">Educational Legislation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22International+Cooperation%22">International Cooperation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Investment%22">Investment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Finance%22">Educational Finance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Needs%22">Educational Needs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Administration%22">College Administration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22International+Programs%22">International Programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Standards%22">Standards</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Vietnam%22">Vietnam</searchLink>
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  Data: 2147-0901<br />2564-8020
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background/Purpose: This study investigates the impacts and challenges of Decree No. 86/2018/ND-CP on foreign cooperation and investment in Vietnam's higher education, aiming to enhance internationalization while addressing local educational needs. Materials/Methods: The analysis draws on empirical data from the Ministry of Education and Training (MOET), scholarly literature, and hypothetical stakeholder interviews, including 50 university administrators, 30 rural educators, and 10 MOET staff. The study evaluates the decree's effects on foreign direct investment (FDI), enrollment trends, curriculum localization, and regulatory oversight. Results: Decree No. 86 has significantly increased FDI in education, with USD 78.9 million invested in 2019, including USD 5.28 million in higher education, reflecting a 58% rise from previous years. It has standardized the education market and reduced brain drain by promoting international-standard programs domestically. However, enrollment rates remain stagnant at 28% since 2010, with only 15% of rural students accessing international programs due to high costs (USD 5,000-10,000 annually) and urban-centric program locations. Curriculum localization challenges persist, with Western-designed programs often misaligned with Vietnam's socioeconomic needs (r=0.3 correlation between FDI and enrollment growth). Regulatory oversight is limited by insufficient staffing and digital infrastructure, with only 200 inspectors for over 100 institutions. Conclusion: Decree No. 86 has advanced Vietnam's internationalization of higher education but requires reforms to address enrollment stagnation, enhance curriculum relevance, and strengthen regulatory frameworks. Recommendations include allocating USD 10 million annually for scholarships targeting 5,000 disadvantaged students by 2025, establishing a national task force for curriculum localization by 2026, and investing USD 5 million in regulatory capacity by 2027 to ensure equitable and sustainable educational progress.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1485524
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 10
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Global Approach
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Higher Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Benefits
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Barriers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Federal Legislation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Educational Legislation
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      – SubjectFull: International Cooperation
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      – SubjectFull: Investment
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Finance
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Needs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Administration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: International Programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Standards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vietnam
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Effects and Obstacles of Decree No. 86/2018/ND-CP on the Internationalization of Vietnamese Higher Education: Prospects and Hindrances
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            NameFull: Phuoc Tai Nguyen
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            NameFull: Tran Thi Hong Le
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            NameFull: Luong Thi Hoai Thanh
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              Y: 2025
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              Value: 18
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            – TitleFull: Educational Process: International Journal
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