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Be Cognative: Cognates in the Rehabilitation of Cochlear Implant Users with German as a Second Language -- A Computer-Based Experiment

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Title: Be Cognative: Cognates in the Rehabilitation of Cochlear Implant Users with German as a Second Language -- A Computer-Based Experiment
Language: English
Authors: Susann Thyson (ORCID 0009-0009-0668-5868), Maika Werminghaus (ORCID 0009-0003-5232-0938), Thomas Klenzner
Source: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. 2025 60(6).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 10
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, German, Multilingualism, Second Languages, Hard of Hearing, Hearing (Physiology), Assistive Technology, Etymology, Phonology, Auditory Evaluation
Geographic Terms: Germany
DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.70138
ISSN: 1368-2822
1460-6984
Abstract: Background: The rehabilitation of people with cochlear implants (PwCI) who speak more than one language poses significant challenges to healthcare systems, particularly in countries experiencing global migration. This study investigates the potential of cognates (CO) to enhance speech and language therapy for PwCI with German as a second language. A historically underserved group in rehabilitation contexts, speech and language therapy for PwCI speaking German as a second language is often affected by language barriers. Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether PwCI with bi- or multilingual backgrounds show an increased positive selection rate and a reduced latency in understanding auditorily presented CO compared to Non-cognates (NCO), to identify a potential speech and language therapy approach for PwCI in the context of CI rehabilitation. In addition, the study investigated a possible correlation between the level of proficiency in the second language of PwCI and the frequency at which the second language is used in daily life with the selection of CO. Method: A computer-based experiment was conducted using the open-source software PsychoPy. The experiment involved 48 adult multilingual PwCI undergoing outpatient CI rehabilitation. Using a crossover design, participants completed auditory tasks involving CO and NCO at single-word and sentence levels. Results: The study involved 48 multilingual PwCI with an average age of 55.7 years who received cochlear implants 66 months previously, on average. Participants spoke languages including Polish, Russian and Turkish, reflecting the linguistic diversity within the German population. The PwCI showed better performance in selecting and processing CO compared to NCO at both the single-word and sentence levels, with significantly faster response times for CO. Daily use of German did not significantly affect CO selection speed at the single-word level, but those who used German more often performed better with CO in sentences. Discussion and Conclusion: The results suggest that CO are processed faster and more accurately than NCO by multilingual PwCI. This finding highlights the potential of CO in auditory training and speech and language therapy, which is consistent with the existing literature on normal-hearing individuals. CO can enhance comprehension exercises, which are crucial for speech and language therapy, and address the language barriers faced by multilingual PwCI and speech and language therapists. By incorporating exercises focused on CO into therapy, language and comprehension skills essential for multilingual PwCI could be enhanced, potentially improving their hearing abilities.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1489709
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Be Cognative: Cognates in the Rehabilitation of Cochlear Implant Users with German as a Second Language -- A Computer-Based Experiment
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Susann+Thyson%22">Susann Thyson</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0668-5868">0009-0009-0668-5868</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maika+Werminghaus%22">Maika Werminghaus</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5232-0938">0009-0003-5232-0938</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thomas+Klenzner%22">Thomas Klenzner</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Language+%26+Communication+Disorders%22"><i>International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders</i></searchLink>. 2025 60(6).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22German%22">German</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multilingualism%22">Multilingualism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Languages%22">Second Languages</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hard+of+Hearing%22">Hard of Hearing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hearing+%28Physiology%29%22">Hearing (Physiology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Assistive+Technology%22">Assistive Technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Etymology%22">Etymology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phonology%22">Phonology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Auditory+Evaluation%22">Auditory Evaluation</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1111/1460-6984.70138
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  Data: 1368-2822<br />1460-6984
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: The rehabilitation of people with cochlear implants (PwCI) who speak more than one language poses significant challenges to healthcare systems, particularly in countries experiencing global migration. This study investigates the potential of cognates (CO) to enhance speech and language therapy for PwCI with German as a second language. A historically underserved group in rehabilitation contexts, speech and language therapy for PwCI speaking German as a second language is often affected by language barriers. Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether PwCI with bi- or multilingual backgrounds show an increased positive selection rate and a reduced latency in understanding auditorily presented CO compared to Non-cognates (NCO), to identify a potential speech and language therapy approach for PwCI in the context of CI rehabilitation. In addition, the study investigated a possible correlation between the level of proficiency in the second language of PwCI and the frequency at which the second language is used in daily life with the selection of CO. Method: A computer-based experiment was conducted using the open-source software PsychoPy. The experiment involved 48 adult multilingual PwCI undergoing outpatient CI rehabilitation. Using a crossover design, participants completed auditory tasks involving CO and NCO at single-word and sentence levels. Results: The study involved 48 multilingual PwCI with an average age of 55.7 years who received cochlear implants 66 months previously, on average. Participants spoke languages including Polish, Russian and Turkish, reflecting the linguistic diversity within the German population. The PwCI showed better performance in selecting and processing CO compared to NCO at both the single-word and sentence levels, with significantly faster response times for CO. Daily use of German did not significantly affect CO selection speed at the single-word level, but those who used German more often performed better with CO in sentences. Discussion and Conclusion: The results suggest that CO are processed faster and more accurately than NCO by multilingual PwCI. This finding highlights the potential of CO in auditory training and speech and language therapy, which is consistent with the existing literature on normal-hearing individuals. CO can enhance comprehension exercises, which are crucial for speech and language therapy, and address the language barriers faced by multilingual PwCI and speech and language therapists. By incorporating exercises focused on CO into therapy, language and comprehension skills essential for multilingual PwCI could be enhanced, potentially improving their hearing abilities.
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