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Inferential Statistical Literacy of Mathematics Education Students with Field Independent and Field Dependent Cognitive Styles

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Title: Inferential Statistical Literacy of Mathematics Education Students with Field Independent and Field Dependent Cognitive Styles
Language: English
Authors: Iesyah Rodliyah (ORCID 0009-0003-1787-2585), I Ketut Budayasa (ORCID 0000-0002-5066-859X), Siti Khabibah (ORCID 0000-0002-1292-0619)
Source: Educational Process: International Journal. Article e2025560 2025 19.
Availability: UNIVERSITEPARK Limited. iTOWER Plaza (No61, 9th floor) Merkez Mh Akar Cd No3, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey 34382. e-mail: editor@edupij.com; Web site: http://www.edupij.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 26
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Statistics Education, Mathematics Education, Cognitive Style, Statistical Inference, Statistics, Multiple Literacies, Mathematics Skills, Universities, College Students, Student Characteristics, Females, Student Attitudes, Problem Solving
Geographic Terms: Indonesia
ISSN: 2147-0901
2564-8020
Abstract: Background/purpose: This study aims to examine the inferential statistical literacy of mathematics education students based on their cognitive styles--field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI). Inferential statistical literacy involves not only understanding statistical concepts such as hypothesis testing and parameter estimation but also applying them critically and appropriately in real-world contexts. Materials/methods: A qualitative descriptive method within a case study design was employed. Two students, each representing FD and FI cognitive styles, were selected as subjects. Data were collected using the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), statistical literacy problems, and structured interviews. The data were analyzed qualitatively and categorized according to indicators of inferential statistical literacy: formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and making decisions. Results: The findings revealed clear differences in reasoning patterns between the two cognitive styles. FI students demonstrated strong analytical thinking and provided logical justifications throughout the problem-solving process. In contrast, FD students relied more on procedural thinking and often failed to explain their reasoning clearly, showing limited conceptual understanding. Conclusion: Students with a field-independent cognitive style demonstrated high levels of inferential statistical literacy, whereas those with a field-dependent style were at a moderate level. The difference in inferential statistical literacy between the two groups was quite substantial, which qualitatively indicates the influence of cognitive style on inferential statistical literacy. These findings underscore the need for instructional strategies tailored to cognitive style differences in order to support the development of inferential statistical literacy in mathematics education.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1489885
Database: ERIC
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  Availability: 0
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  – Url: https://eric.ed.gov/contentdelivery/servlet/ERICServlet?accno=EJ1489885
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  Data: Inferential Statistical Literacy of Mathematics Education Students with Field Independent and Field Dependent Cognitive Styles
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Iesyah+Rodliyah%22">Iesyah Rodliyah</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1787-2585">0009-0003-1787-2585</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22I+Ketut+Budayasa%22">I Ketut Budayasa</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5066-859X">0000-0002-5066-859X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Siti+Khabibah%22">Siti Khabibah</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1292-0619">0000-0002-1292-0619</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Educational+Process%3A+International+Journal%22"><i>Educational Process: International Journal</i></searchLink>. Article e2025560 2025 19.
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  Data: UNIVERSITEPARK Limited. iTOWER Plaza (No61, 9th floor) Merkez Mh Akar Cd No3, Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey 34382. e-mail: editor@edupij.com; Web site: http://www.edupij.com/
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  Data: 26
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics+Education%22">Statistics Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematics+Education%22">Mathematics Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Style%22">Cognitive Style</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+Inference%22">Statistical Inference</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Multiple+Literacies%22">Multiple Literacies</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematics+Skills%22">Mathematics Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Universities%22">Universities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Students%22">College Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Characteristics%22">Student Characteristics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Females%22">Females</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Problem+Solving%22">Problem Solving</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Indonesia%22">Indonesia</searchLink>
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  Data: 2147-0901<br />2564-8020
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background/purpose: This study aims to examine the inferential statistical literacy of mathematics education students based on their cognitive styles--field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI). Inferential statistical literacy involves not only understanding statistical concepts such as hypothesis testing and parameter estimation but also applying them critically and appropriately in real-world contexts. Materials/methods: A qualitative descriptive method within a case study design was employed. Two students, each representing FD and FI cognitive styles, were selected as subjects. Data were collected using the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), statistical literacy problems, and structured interviews. The data were analyzed qualitatively and categorized according to indicators of inferential statistical literacy: formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and making decisions. Results: The findings revealed clear differences in reasoning patterns between the two cognitive styles. FI students demonstrated strong analytical thinking and provided logical justifications throughout the problem-solving process. In contrast, FD students relied more on procedural thinking and often failed to explain their reasoning clearly, showing limited conceptual understanding. Conclusion: Students with a field-independent cognitive style demonstrated high levels of inferential statistical literacy, whereas those with a field-dependent style were at a moderate level. The difference in inferential statistical literacy between the two groups was quite substantial, which qualitatively indicates the influence of cognitive style on inferential statistical literacy. These findings underscore the need for instructional strategies tailored to cognitive style differences in order to support the development of inferential statistical literacy in mathematics education.
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: EJ1489885
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1489885
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 26
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Style
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical Inference
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Multiple Literacies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Skills
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Universities
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Characteristics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Females
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Problem Solving
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indonesia
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Inferential Statistical Literacy of Mathematics Education Students with Field Independent and Field Dependent Cognitive Styles
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            NameFull: Iesyah Rodliyah
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            NameFull: I Ketut Budayasa
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            NameFull: Siti Khabibah
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              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 19
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            – TitleFull: Educational Process: International Journal
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