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Profiles of Third-Grade Emotional, Behavioral, and Academic Indicators: Co-Occurrence and Distal Outcomes in Sixth Grade

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Profiles of Third-Grade Emotional, Behavioral, and Academic Indicators: Co-Occurrence and Distal Outcomes in Sixth Grade
Language: English
Authors: Wendy M. Reinke (ORCID 0000-0001-7235-624X), Keith C. Herman, Shaoli Salowa Salam, Pravash Kumar
Source: Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. 2025 33(4):191-203.
Availability: SAGE Publications and Hammill Institute on Disabilities. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 13
Publication Date: 2025
Sponsoring Agency: Institute of Education Sciences (ED)
Contract Number: R305C190014
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Early Childhood Education
Elementary Education
Grade 3
Primary Education
Grade 6
Intermediate Grades
Middle Schools
Junior High Schools
Secondary Education
Descriptors: Grade 3, At Risk Persons, Emotional Problems, Behavior Problems, Academic Achievement, Grade 6, Elementary School Students, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Suspension, Discipline Problems, Middle School Students, Student Behavior, Attendance, Peer Relationship
DOI: 10.1177/10634266251326513
ISSN: 1063-4266
1538-4799
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify emotional, behavioral, and academic co-occurring risk profiles of third-grade youth and to understand how they are longitudinally associated with later outcomes in sixth grade. The latent profile analysis of data from a U.S. Midwest community sample of 1,785 third graders resulted in five classes of risk profiles: No Risk (47%), Low Risk (36%), High Internalizing and Emotion Dysregulation (8%), High Externalizing (7%), and Co-occurring Risk (2%). The Co-occurring class had significantly worse outcomes on all sixth-grade measures compared to other classes. The High Internalizing and Emotion Dysregulation class had significantly higher internalizing problems but also higher externalizing problems. Youth with predominant externalizing features continued to evidence these problems in sixth grade, along with a high number of office discipline referrals, in-school suspensions, and out-school suspensions. Students with co-occurring social, emotional, behavioral, and academic issues are at increased risk of future challenges. Schools can use comprehensive and systematic screening to identify students with co-occurring problems. The study highlights the importance of early identification through screening and taking into consideration the co-occurring presentation of symptoms.
Abstractor: As Provided
IES Funded: Yes
Entry Date: 2025
Accession Number: EJ1489981
Database: ERIC
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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to identify emotional, behavioral, and academic co-occurring risk profiles of third-grade youth and to understand how they are longitudinally associated with later outcomes in sixth grade. The latent profile analysis of data from a U.S. Midwest community sample of 1,785 third graders resulted in five classes of risk profiles: No Risk (47%), Low Risk (36%), High Internalizing and Emotion Dysregulation (8%), High Externalizing (7%), and Co-occurring Risk (2%). The Co-occurring class had significantly worse outcomes on all sixth-grade measures compared to other classes. The High Internalizing and Emotion Dysregulation class had significantly higher internalizing problems but also higher externalizing problems. Youth with predominant externalizing features continued to evidence these problems in sixth grade, along with a high number of office discipline referrals, in-school suspensions, and out-school suspensions. Students with co-occurring social, emotional, behavioral, and academic issues are at increased risk of future challenges. Schools can use comprehensive and systematic screening to identify students with co-occurring problems. The study highlights the importance of early identification through screening and taking into consideration the co-occurring presentation of symptoms.
ISSN:1063-4266
1538-4799
DOI:10.1177/10634266251326513