Structural Constraints and Agentive Responses: Comparing Two Systems of Greek Heritage Language Education in Sweden

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Title: Structural Constraints and Agentive Responses: Comparing Two Systems of Greek Heritage Language Education in Sweden
Language: English
Authors: Natalia Ganuza (ORCID 0000-0002-0444-2207), Zoe Nikolaidou, Maria Rydell
Source: International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 2025 28(7):883-900.
Availability: Routledge. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 18
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Greek, Native Language Instruction, National Curriculum, Weekend Programs, Public Schools, Educational Development, Administrative Organization, Professional Autonomy, Language Teachers, Modern Language Curriculum, Cultural Education
Geographic Terms: Sweden
DOI: 10.1080/13670050.2025.2527800
ISSN: 1367-0050
1747-7522
Abstract: This study investigates two distinct ways of organising heritage language education within one national context. More specifically, we investigate the teaching of Greek in Sweden through: (a) mother tongue instruction provided by the national education system and (b) a complementary school run by a parental organisation. Drawing on Archer's morphogenetic approach (1995), where structure, culture and agency are seen as separate but interrelated analytical layers, we investigate key actors' agentive responses to structural and cultural enablements and constraints. The study includes a historical overview and a linguistic ethnography conducted in both contexts. The data encompass policy documents, classroom observations and interviews with teachers, board members, parents and students. The findings show that the educational contexts have different legal statuses and are governed at different policy levels (national vs. transnational), while sharing many structural constraints at the level of praxis, such as being based on voluntary participation, limited instruction time and inconvenient scheduling. However, the key actors navigate the constraints of each setting in different ways, thus pointing to distinctive differences between them. Ultimately, the study shows how both educational systems complement each other and serve important roles in supporting the maintenance and development of heritage language and culture in Sweden.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1492776
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Structural Constraints and Agentive Responses: Comparing Two Systems of Greek Heritage Language Education in Sweden
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Natalia+Ganuza%22">Natalia Ganuza</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0444-2207">0000-0002-0444-2207</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zoe+Nikolaidou%22">Zoe Nikolaidou</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maria+Rydell%22">Maria Rydell</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Bilingual+Education+and+Bilingualism%22"><i>International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism</i></searchLink>. 2025 28(7):883-900.
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  Data: Routledge. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
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  Data: 18
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Greek%22">Greek</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Native+Language+Instruction%22">Native Language Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22National+Curriculum%22">National Curriculum</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Weekend+Programs%22">Weekend Programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+Schools%22">Public Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Development%22">Educational Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Administrative+Organization%22">Administrative Organization</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Professional+Autonomy%22">Professional Autonomy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Teachers%22">Language Teachers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Modern+Language+Curriculum%22">Modern Language Curriculum</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+Education%22">Cultural Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sweden%22">Sweden</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1080/13670050.2025.2527800
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  Data: 1367-0050<br />1747-7522
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study investigates two distinct ways of organising heritage language education within one national context. More specifically, we investigate the teaching of Greek in Sweden through: (a) mother tongue instruction provided by the national education system and (b) a complementary school run by a parental organisation. Drawing on Archer's morphogenetic approach (1995), where structure, culture and agency are seen as separate but interrelated analytical layers, we investigate key actors' agentive responses to structural and cultural enablements and constraints. The study includes a historical overview and a linguistic ethnography conducted in both contexts. The data encompass policy documents, classroom observations and interviews with teachers, board members, parents and students. The findings show that the educational contexts have different legal statuses and are governed at different policy levels (national vs. transnational), while sharing many structural constraints at the level of praxis, such as being based on voluntary participation, limited instruction time and inconvenient scheduling. However, the key actors navigate the constraints of each setting in different ways, thus pointing to distinctive differences between them. Ultimately, the study shows how both educational systems complement each other and serve important roles in supporting the maintenance and development of heritage language and culture in Sweden.
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  Data: 2026
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        Value: 10.1080/13670050.2025.2527800
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Greek
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Native Language Instruction
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      – SubjectFull: National Curriculum
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      – SubjectFull: Weekend Programs
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      – SubjectFull: Administrative Organization
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      – SubjectFull: Professional Autonomy
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      – SubjectFull: Language Teachers
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      – SubjectFull: Modern Language Curriculum
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      – SubjectFull: Cultural Education
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      – SubjectFull: Sweden
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      – TitleFull: Structural Constraints and Agentive Responses: Comparing Two Systems of Greek Heritage Language Education in Sweden
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