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Further Validation of Leerkes' Cry Questionnaire Battery in an Independent Sample: Useful Tools for Infant Mental Health Practitioners and Scholars

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Title: Further Validation of Leerkes' Cry Questionnaire Battery in an Independent Sample: Useful Tools for Infant Mental Health Practitioners and Scholars
Language: English
Authors: Esther M. Leerkes (ORCID 0000-0002-8181-6452), Agona Lutolli, Yu Chen, Shourya Negi, Maha Issa, A'Niyah Choice, Juliana Ganim
Source: Infant Mental Health Journal: Infancy and Early Childhood. 2026 47(1).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2026
Sponsoring Agency: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: R01HD093662
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Infants, Crying, Questionnaires, Mental Health, Mothers, Parent Child Relationship, Emotional Response, Prenatal Care, Prenatal Influences, Infant Behavior, Behavior Problems, Interpersonal Competence, Predictive Validity, Socialization
DOI: 10.1002/imhj.70039
ISSN: 0163-9641
1097-0355
Abstract: The purpose of this report is to further validate three measures of maternal responses to infant crying. These are the Infant Crying Questionnaire, which assesses beliefs about infant crying, the My Emotions Questionnaire, which assesses emotional reactions to infant crying, and one subscale of the Maternal Responsiveness Questionnaire which assesses nonresponsiveness to crying. Mother-infant dyads (N = 299) from the United States participated, mothers completed self-reports during the prenatal period, the focal questionnaires when their infants were 2-month, 6-month, and 1-year old, and other relevant questionnaires when their children were 2 years old. Maternal sensitivity was observed during each postnatal wave, mothers reported child behavior problems and social competence, and infant emotion regulation was observed at 1 and 2 years. The proposed factor structures were replicated, and each measure's subscales demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability and stability across waves. Subscales demonstrated convergent validity with one another and maternal characteristics, predictive validity to observed maternal sensitivity and mother-reported emotion socialization, and there was some evidence of predictive validity to child outcomes for select subscales. The utility of these measures within the field of infant mental health is discussed.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1493734
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Further Validation of Leerkes' Cry Questionnaire Battery in an Independent Sample: Useful Tools for Infant Mental Health Practitioners and Scholars
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Esther+M%2E+Leerkes%22">Esther M. Leerkes</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-6452">0000-0002-8181-6452</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Agona+Lutolli%22">Agona Lutolli</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu+Chen%22">Yu Chen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shourya+Negi%22">Shourya Negi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Maha+Issa%22">Maha Issa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22A'Niyah+Choice%22">A'Niyah Choice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Juliana+Ganim%22">Juliana Ganim</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Infant+Mental+Health+Journal%3A+Infancy+and+Early+Childhood%22"><i>Infant Mental Health Journal: Infancy and Early Childhood</i></searchLink>. 2026 47(1).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: 19
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infants%22">Infants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Crying%22">Crying</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+Health%22">Mental Health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mothers%22">Mothers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parent+Child+Relationship%22">Parent Child Relationship</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotional+Response%22">Emotional Response</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prenatal+Care%22">Prenatal Care</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prenatal+Influences%22">Prenatal Influences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infant+Behavior%22">Infant Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+Problems%22">Behavior Problems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+Competence%22">Interpersonal Competence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predictive+Validity%22">Predictive Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socialization%22">Socialization</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1002/imhj.70039
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  Data: 0163-9641<br />1097-0355
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  Data: The purpose of this report is to further validate three measures of maternal responses to infant crying. These are the Infant Crying Questionnaire, which assesses beliefs about infant crying, the My Emotions Questionnaire, which assesses emotional reactions to infant crying, and one subscale of the Maternal Responsiveness Questionnaire which assesses nonresponsiveness to crying. Mother-infant dyads (N = 299) from the United States participated, mothers completed self-reports during the prenatal period, the focal questionnaires when their infants were 2-month, 6-month, and 1-year old, and other relevant questionnaires when their children were 2 years old. Maternal sensitivity was observed during each postnatal wave, mothers reported child behavior problems and social competence, and infant emotion regulation was observed at 1 and 2 years. The proposed factor structures were replicated, and each measure's subscales demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability and stability across waves. Subscales demonstrated convergent validity with one another and maternal characteristics, predictive validity to observed maternal sensitivity and mother-reported emotion socialization, and there was some evidence of predictive validity to child outcomes for select subscales. The utility of these measures within the field of infant mental health is discussed.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1493734
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        Value: 10.1002/imhj.70039
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 19
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Infants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Crying
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mental Health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mothers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parent Child Relationship
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotional Response
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prenatal Care
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prenatal Influences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Infant Behavior
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavior Problems
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      – SubjectFull: Interpersonal Competence
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      – SubjectFull: Predictive Validity
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      – SubjectFull: Socialization
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      – TitleFull: Further Validation of Leerkes' Cry Questionnaire Battery in an Independent Sample: Useful Tools for Infant Mental Health Practitioners and Scholars
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              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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