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Exploring AI-Mediated Linguistic and Cognitive Support for Non-Native English Speakers in English-Only Higher Education

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Title: Exploring AI-Mediated Linguistic and Cognitive Support for Non-Native English Speakers in English-Only Higher Education
Language: English
Authors: Ching-Yi Tien (ORCID 0000-0002-6347-6116), Noor Azam Haji-Othman (ORCID 0000-0003-3218-4492)
Source: English Language Teaching Educational Journal. 2025 8(3):164-176.
Availability: Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Kampus 4 UAD, Jl. Ringroad Selatan, Tamanan, Bantul Yogyakarta, 55166 Indonesia. e-mail: eltej@pbi.uad.ac.id; Web site: http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/eltej/index
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 13
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Higher Education, Undergraduate Students, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Language of Instruction, Content and Language Integrated Learning, Language Usage, Artificial Intelligence, Computer Uses in Education, Student Attitudes, Sex, Race, Ethnicity, Majors (Students), Grade Level Differences, Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Geographic Terms: Taiwan
ISSN: 2621-6485
Abstract: The release of ChatGPT by OpenAI in 2022 marked a major milestone, beginning a new phase in how artificial intelligence (AI) is used in education and transforming the way students access and engage with academic resources. This study explores how non-native English-speaking students handle the language challenges of content-area courses in higher education when instruction is focused solely on professional subjects in an English-only setting, with limited explicit language support to improve English skills. Using a sample of undergraduate students (N = 63), this research examines differences in AI tool usage, perceptions, and outcomes based on gender, nationality, major, and year of study. Independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA were performed on variables that measure perceived language learning benefits, cognitive skill development, creative tool use, and the overall effectiveness of AI tools. Open-ended questions provided qualitative data for this study. The findings show that AI and Generative AI tools meet students' linguistic needs, address cognitive demands, support personalized learning, enhance understanding of subject material, and improve academic performance. Contrary to earlier research suggesting male students are more proficient with AI, this study finds that female students are more likely to view AI tools as beneficial for integrating thinking and higher-order cognitive skills. The study also discusses potential challenges related to AI use and notes its methodological limitations.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1493891
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Exploring AI-Mediated Linguistic and Cognitive Support for Non-Native English Speakers in English-Only Higher Education
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ching-Yi+Tien%22">Ching-Yi Tien</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-6116">0000-0002-6347-6116</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Noor+Azam+Haji-Othman%22">Noor Azam Haji-Othman</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3218-4492">0000-0003-3218-4492</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22English+Language+Teaching+Educational+Journal%22"><i>English Language Teaching Educational Journal</i></searchLink>. 2025 8(3):164-176.
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  Data: Universitas Ahmad Dahlan. Kampus 4 UAD, Jl. Ringroad Selatan, Tamanan, Bantul Yogyakarta, 55166 Indonesia. e-mail: eltej@pbi.uad.ac.id; Web site: http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/eltej/index
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 13
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Undergraduate+Students%22">Undergraduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22English+%28Second+Language%29%22">English (Second Language)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Learning%22">Second Language Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+of+Instruction%22">Language of Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Content+and+Language+Integrated+Learning%22">Content and Language Integrated Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Usage%22">Language Usage</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+Intelligence%22">Artificial Intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Uses+in+Education%22">Computer Uses in Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sex%22">Sex</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Race%22">Race</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ethnicity%22">Ethnicity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Majors+%28Students%29%22">Majors (Students)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grade+Level+Differences%22">Grade Level Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligent+Tutoring+Systems%22">Intelligent Tutoring Systems</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Taiwan%22">Taiwan</searchLink>
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
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  Data: 2621-6485
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The release of ChatGPT by OpenAI in 2022 marked a major milestone, beginning a new phase in how artificial intelligence (AI) is used in education and transforming the way students access and engage with academic resources. This study explores how non-native English-speaking students handle the language challenges of content-area courses in higher education when instruction is focused solely on professional subjects in an English-only setting, with limited explicit language support to improve English skills. Using a sample of undergraduate students (N = 63), this research examines differences in AI tool usage, perceptions, and outcomes based on gender, nationality, major, and year of study. Independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA were performed on variables that measure perceived language learning benefits, cognitive skill development, creative tool use, and the overall effectiveness of AI tools. Open-ended questions provided qualitative data for this study. The findings show that AI and Generative AI tools meet students' linguistic needs, address cognitive demands, support personalized learning, enhance understanding of subject material, and improve academic performance. Contrary to earlier research suggesting male students are more proficient with AI, this study finds that female students are more likely to view AI tools as beneficial for integrating thinking and higher-order cognitive skills. The study also discusses potential challenges related to AI use and notes its methodological limitations.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1493891
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 13
        StartPage: 164
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Higher Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Undergraduate Students
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      – SubjectFull: English (Second Language)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Second Language Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language of Instruction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Content and Language Integrated Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Usage
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      – SubjectFull: Artificial Intelligence
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      – SubjectFull: Computer Uses in Education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Sex
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      – SubjectFull: Race
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      – SubjectFull: Majors (Students)
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      – SubjectFull: Grade Level Differences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intelligent Tutoring Systems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Taiwan
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Exploring AI-Mediated Linguistic and Cognitive Support for Non-Native English Speakers in English-Only Higher Education
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