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Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Two Versions of the Statistical Anxiety Scale in a Sample of American Students

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Title: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Two Versions of the Statistical Anxiety Scale in a Sample of American Students
Language: English
Authors: Keston G. Lindsay (ORCID 0000-0002-2039-7477), Jessica B. Kirby (ORCID 0000-0003-0063-6546), Brynn C. Adamson (ORCID 0000-0002-1796-4047)
Source: International Journal of Research in Education and Science. 2026 12(1):105-115.
Availability: International Society for Technology, Education, and Science. e-mail: ijresoffice@gmail.com; Web site: https://www.ijres.net/index.php/ijres
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 11
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Anxiety, Statistics, Affective Measures, Factor Structure, Social Desirability, Test Items, Goodness of Fit, Construct Validity, Test Reliability
Geographic Terms: Illinois, Texas, Colorado
ISSN: 2148-9955
Abstract: The objective of this study was to confirm the factor structure for two versions of the Statistics Anxiety Scale (SAS) created for American undergraduate statistics students. To address the inconsistent factor structure of SAS across different populations, Lorenzo-Seva et al. (2022) revised the SAS. This version reduced the number of questions and added a 4th factor called social desirability. They reported a good fit without the need for introducing correlations between error terms, which were outcomes found in different versions of the SAS including this study. This revised SAS considers a 4th dimension called social desirability, suggesting that this dimension could account for much of the error variance found in previous studies. That dimension was not included in this study. A modified three factor model explained construct validity in the original version of the SAS. A modified five factor model explained construct validity in a version of the SAS with additional items. Both versions of the SAS and their factors displayed acceptable levels of fit, were found to have reliability coefficients above 0.70, and generally shared moderate negative relationships with Wise's Attitude Toward Statistics scale.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1494346
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Keston+G%2E+Lindsay%22">Keston G. Lindsay</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2039-7477">0000-0002-2039-7477</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jessica+B%2E+Kirby%22">Jessica B. Kirby</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0063-6546">0000-0003-0063-6546</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brynn+C%2E+Adamson%22">Brynn C. Adamson</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1796-4047">0000-0002-1796-4047</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Research+in+Education+and+Science%22"><i>International Journal of Research in Education and Science</i></searchLink>. 2026 12(1):105-115.
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  Data: International Society for Technology, Education, and Science. e-mail: ijresoffice@gmail.com; Web site: https://www.ijres.net/index.php/ijres
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Undergraduate+Students%22">Undergraduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Affective+Measures%22">Affective Measures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+Structure%22">Factor Structure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Desirability%22">Social Desirability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Items%22">Test Items</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Goodness+of+Fit%22">Goodness of Fit</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Construct+Validity%22">Construct Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Reliability%22">Test Reliability</searchLink>
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  Data: The objective of this study was to confirm the factor structure for two versions of the Statistics Anxiety Scale (SAS) created for American undergraduate statistics students. To address the inconsistent factor structure of SAS across different populations, Lorenzo-Seva et al. (2022) revised the SAS. This version reduced the number of questions and added a 4th factor called social desirability. They reported a good fit without the need for introducing correlations between error terms, which were outcomes found in different versions of the SAS including this study. This revised SAS considers a 4th dimension called social desirability, suggesting that this dimension could account for much of the error variance found in previous studies. That dimension was not included in this study. A modified three factor model explained construct validity in the original version of the SAS. A modified five factor model explained construct validity in a version of the SAS with additional items. Both versions of the SAS and their factors displayed acceptable levels of fit, were found to have reliability coefficients above 0.70, and generally shared moderate negative relationships with Wise's Attitude Toward Statistics scale.
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  Data: EJ1494346
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      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 105
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Undergraduate Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
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      – SubjectFull: Statistics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Affective Measures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Factor Structure
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      – SubjectFull: Social Desirability
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      – SubjectFull: Test Items
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      – SubjectFull: Goodness of Fit
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      – SubjectFull: Construct Validity
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      – SubjectFull: Test Reliability
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      – SubjectFull: Illinois
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      – SubjectFull: Texas
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      – SubjectFull: Colorado
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      – TitleFull: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Two Versions of the Statistical Anxiety Scale in a Sample of American Students
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