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Variations in Trauma Exposure, Minority Status, and Considerations in Course Reduction in Mississippi University System

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Title: Variations in Trauma Exposure, Minority Status, and Considerations in Course Reduction in Mississippi University System
Language: English
Authors: Rachel K. Carpenter (ORCID 0000-0001-7008-0665), Nicholas W. McAfee, Julie A. Schumacher
Source: Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice. 2026 27(4):972-994.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 23
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Trauma, College Students, Higher Education, Dropouts, Academic Persistence, Mental Health, Minority Group Students, Student Employment, College Credits, Course Selection (Students), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Substance Abuse, Influences
Geographic Terms: Mississippi
DOI: 10.1177/15210251231216345
ISSN: 1521-0251
1541-4167
Abstract: Although college enrollment remains steady, rates of course reduction continue to rise. Most attrition research has focused on individual's precollege characteristics, but recent evidence shows that potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and/or mental health conditions are linked to college dropout. Although, little research has explored how the number of specific types of trauma exposures affects college retention. The present study examined how these types of traumatic exposures, mental health symptoms, and minority and employment status differentially relate to mental health and academic outcomes in Mississippi university samples (N = 1,831). Those who endorsed multiple PTE exposures showed the highest likelihood of considering reducing course load. Further, students with any PTE, and who also reported mental health symptoms, were within certain minority groups, and faced higher employment burdens were at a greater likelihood of considering course reduction. Recommendations include implementing evidence-based treatment protocols, utilizing trauma-informed programming, and reducing minority prejudice.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1494413
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Variations in Trauma Exposure, Minority Status, and Considerations in Course Reduction in Mississippi University System
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rachel+K%2E+Carpenter%22">Rachel K. Carpenter</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-0665">0000-0001-7008-0665</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nicholas+W%2E+McAfee%22">Nicholas W. McAfee</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Julie+A%2E+Schumacher%22">Julie A. Schumacher</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+College+Student+Retention%3A+Research%2C+Theory+%26+Practice%22"><i>Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice</i></searchLink>. 2026 27(4):972-994.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: 23
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Trauma%22">Trauma</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Students%22">College Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dropouts%22">Dropouts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Persistence%22">Academic Persistence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+Health%22">Mental Health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Minority+Group+Students%22">Minority Group Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Employment%22">Student Employment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Credits%22">College Credits</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Course+Selection+%28Students%29%22">Course Selection (Students)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Posttraumatic+Stress+Disorder%22">Posttraumatic Stress Disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance+Abuse%22">Substance Abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Influences%22">Influences</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mississippi%22">Mississippi</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
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  Data: 10.1177/15210251231216345
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  Data: 1521-0251<br />1541-4167
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Although college enrollment remains steady, rates of course reduction continue to rise. Most attrition research has focused on individual's precollege characteristics, but recent evidence shows that potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and/or mental health conditions are linked to college dropout. Although, little research has explored how the number of specific types of trauma exposures affects college retention. The present study examined how these types of traumatic exposures, mental health symptoms, and minority and employment status differentially relate to mental health and academic outcomes in Mississippi university samples (N = 1,831). Those who endorsed multiple PTE exposures showed the highest likelihood of considering reducing course load. Further, students with any PTE, and who also reported mental health symptoms, were within certain minority groups, and faced higher employment burdens were at a greater likelihood of considering course reduction. Recommendations include implementing evidence-based treatment protocols, utilizing trauma-informed programming, and reducing minority prejudice.
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  Data: EJ1494413
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1494413
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        Value: 10.1177/15210251231216345
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 23
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Students
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      – SubjectFull: Higher Education
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      – SubjectFull: Dropouts
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      – SubjectFull: Academic Persistence
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      – SubjectFull: Mental Health
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      – SubjectFull: Minority Group Students
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      – SubjectFull: Student Employment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Credits
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Course Selection (Students)
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      – SubjectFull: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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      – SubjectFull: Substance Abuse
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      – SubjectFull: Influences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mississippi
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Variations in Trauma Exposure, Minority Status, and Considerations in Course Reduction in Mississippi University System
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            NameFull: Nicholas W. McAfee
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            – TitleFull: Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice
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