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Bringing the Computer-Based Instrument for Low Motor Language Testing to Canada: A Survey of Caregiver and Clinician Perspectives

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Title: Bringing the Computer-Based Instrument for Low Motor Language Testing to Canada: A Survey of Caregiver and Clinician Perspectives
Language: English
Authors: F. Aileen Costigan, Tom Chau, Johanna Geytenbeek, Kristine Stadskleiv, Beata Batorowicz, Sarah Hopmans, Dayle McCauley, Danijela Grahovac, Brenda Agnew, Jodi Friesen, B. J. Cunningham (ORCID 0000-0002-2032-4999)
Source: International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders. 2026 61(1).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 19
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cerebral Palsy, Computer Assisted Testing, Language Tests, Comprehension, Speech Impairments, Physical Disabilities, Children, Child Caregivers, Allied Health Personnel
Geographic Terms: Canada
DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.70176
ISSN: 1368-2822
1460-6984
Abstract: Background: Accurate assessment of language comprehension is crucial to positive outcomes for children with cerebral palsy (CP) but is difficult for those with significant speech and physical impairments (SSPI). Standardized tools that typically require these children to speak, vocalize or select directly pose particular challenges. Aim: To describe Canadian caregivers' and clinicians' language comprehension assessment experiences and needs for children with CP and SSPI prior to soliciting feedback to advance the Computer-Based instrument for Low motor Language Testing (C-BiLLT-CAN), a standardized and accessible tool designed specifically for these children. Methods and Procedures: Recruiting from Canadian children's treatment centres, augmentative and alternative communication clinics, and via social media, we conducted an environmental scan of caregivers of and clinicians providing services to children with CP and SSPI. Surveys designed using the Knowledge to Action Framework solicited both quantitative and qualitative data, summarized using descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis, respectively. Outcomes and Results: Twenty-two caregivers (21 females, 1 male; mean age = 42 years) and 39 clinicians (36 females, 3 males; mean age = 41 years) from 7 Canadian provinces completed the survey. Most caregivers had experienced language comprehension assessment but were typically only 'somewhat confident' in the results, despite considering accuracy 'very important.' Most clinicians were involved in language comprehension assessment and overwhelmingly relied on non-standardized tools despite feeling at best 'fairly confident' in their results. Qualitative comments indicated the utility of a population-specific test/testing procedures and/or associated normative data to complement non-standardized tools. Participants indicated that the C-BiLLT-CAN could be improved by expanding available response methods and supporting visual and auditory access modifications to promote customization. Anticipated benefits of the C-BiLLT-CAN included improved interaction with, participation for, and understanding of the abilities of children with CP and SSPI; and improved interventions and outcomes for these children and their families. Conclusions and Implications: The C-BiLLT-CAN could fill a critical gap in services available to Canadian children with CP and SSPI. Caregivers and clinicians recognized the benefits of incorporating a reliable and valid standardized tool as part of a comprehensive language comprehension assessment battery for this population but valued additional response methods and features to support access and implementation. Integration of the additional response methods and customization options recommended by end users is expected to further increase the usefulness and feasibility of the C-BiLLT-CAN in the Canadian clinical context.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1495172
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Bringing the Computer-Based Instrument for Low Motor Language Testing to Canada: A Survey of Caregiver and Clinician Perspectives
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22F%2E+Aileen+Costigan%22">F. Aileen Costigan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tom+Chau%22">Tom Chau</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Johanna+Geytenbeek%22">Johanna Geytenbeek</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kristine+Stadskleiv%22">Kristine Stadskleiv</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Beata+Batorowicz%22">Beata Batorowicz</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarah+Hopmans%22">Sarah Hopmans</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dayle+McCauley%22">Dayle McCauley</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Danijela+Grahovac%22">Danijela Grahovac</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brenda+Agnew%22">Brenda Agnew</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jodi+Friesen%22">Jodi Friesen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22B%2E+J%2E+Cunningham%22">B. J. Cunningham</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-4999">0000-0002-2032-4999</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Language+%26+Communication+Disorders%22"><i>International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders</i></searchLink>. 2026 61(1).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: 19
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cerebral+Palsy%22">Cerebral Palsy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Assisted+Testing%22">Computer Assisted Testing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Tests%22">Language Tests</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comprehension%22">Comprehension</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+Impairments%22">Speech Impairments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+Disabilities%22">Physical Disabilities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Caregivers%22">Child Caregivers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Allied+Health+Personnel%22">Allied Health Personnel</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Canada%22">Canada</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1111/1460-6984.70176
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  Data: 1368-2822<br />1460-6984
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Accurate assessment of language comprehension is crucial to positive outcomes for children with cerebral palsy (CP) but is difficult for those with significant speech and physical impairments (SSPI). Standardized tools that typically require these children to speak, vocalize or select directly pose particular challenges. Aim: To describe Canadian caregivers' and clinicians' language comprehension assessment experiences and needs for children with CP and SSPI prior to soliciting feedback to advance the Computer-Based instrument for Low motor Language Testing (C-BiLLT-CAN), a standardized and accessible tool designed specifically for these children. Methods and Procedures: Recruiting from Canadian children's treatment centres, augmentative and alternative communication clinics, and via social media, we conducted an environmental scan of caregivers of and clinicians providing services to children with CP and SSPI. Surveys designed using the Knowledge to Action Framework solicited both quantitative and qualitative data, summarized using descriptive statistics and inductive content analysis, respectively. Outcomes and Results: Twenty-two caregivers (21 females, 1 male; mean age = 42 years) and 39 clinicians (36 females, 3 males; mean age = 41 years) from 7 Canadian provinces completed the survey. Most caregivers had experienced language comprehension assessment but were typically only 'somewhat confident' in the results, despite considering accuracy 'very important.' Most clinicians were involved in language comprehension assessment and overwhelmingly relied on non-standardized tools despite feeling at best 'fairly confident' in their results. Qualitative comments indicated the utility of a population-specific test/testing procedures and/or associated normative data to complement non-standardized tools. Participants indicated that the C-BiLLT-CAN could be improved by expanding available response methods and supporting visual and auditory access modifications to promote customization. Anticipated benefits of the C-BiLLT-CAN included improved interaction with, participation for, and understanding of the abilities of children with CP and SSPI; and improved interventions and outcomes for these children and their families. Conclusions and Implications: The C-BiLLT-CAN could fill a critical gap in services available to Canadian children with CP and SSPI. Caregivers and clinicians recognized the benefits of incorporating a reliable and valid standardized tool as part of a comprehensive language comprehension assessment battery for this population but valued additional response methods and features to support access and implementation. Integration of the additional response methods and customization options recommended by end users is expected to further increase the usefulness and feasibility of the C-BiLLT-CAN in the Canadian clinical context.
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