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The Role of General Competences on Employability and Socio-Cultural Adaptation among Graduate Students Working Abroad

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Title: The Role of General Competences on Employability and Socio-Cultural Adaptation among Graduate Students Working Abroad
Language: English
Authors: Nerea Hernaiz-Agreda (ORCID 0000-0001-6240-3102), Carmen Carmona (ORCID 0000-0002-9276-0984), Fernando Marhuenda Fluixá (ORCID 0000-0001-5168-2804)
Source: International Journal of Training and Development. 2026 30(1):68-81.
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Competence, Employment Potential, Adjustment (to Environment), Graduate Students, Overseas Employment, Foreign Countries, Acculturation
Geographic Terms: Spain, United Kingdom, Germany, Poland
DOI: 10.1111/ijtd.70008
ISSN: 1360-3736
1468-2419
Abstract: Including general competence training in university degrees can enhance graduate students' employability. However, little research has examined how general competences fostered in university curricula can positively contribute to increased employability among graduates moving to other countries. This study therefore aims to suggest an empirically-based theoretical model of competences and employability in a foreign cultural and language context. A structural equation model was used to analyse a questionnaire completed by 336 Spanish education graduates working in the UK, Germany, Poland and Spain. The results show that graduates' employability is perceived to be higher abroad than in their home country, and that general competences are transferred and used equally well by graduate students abroad. Furthermore, a high perception of employability helps reduce the difficulties of socio-cultural adaptation. The tested structural equation model suggests that general competences increase employability and reduce the difficulties of socio-cultural adaptation among graduates working abroad.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1496391
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: The Role of General Competences on Employability and Socio-Cultural Adaptation among Graduate Students Working Abroad
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nerea+Hernaiz-Agreda%22">Nerea Hernaiz-Agreda</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6240-3102">0000-0001-6240-3102</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Carmen+Carmona%22">Carmen Carmona</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9276-0984">0000-0002-9276-0984</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernando+Marhuenda+Fluixá%22">Fernando Marhuenda Fluixá</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5168-2804">0000-0001-5168-2804</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Training+and+Development%22"><i>International Journal of Training and Development</i></searchLink>. 2026 30(1):68-81.
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Label: Peer Reviewed
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 14
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Competence%22">Competence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Employment+Potential%22">Employment Potential</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adjustment+%28to+Environment%29%22">Adjustment (to Environment)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graduate+Students%22">Graduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Overseas+Employment%22">Overseas Employment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Acculturation%22">Acculturation</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spain%22">Spain</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+Kingdom%22">United Kingdom</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Germany%22">Germany</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poland%22">Poland</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
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  Data: 10.1111/ijtd.70008
– Name: ISSN
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  Group: ISSN
  Data: 1360-3736<br />1468-2419
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Including general competence training in university degrees can enhance graduate students' employability. However, little research has examined how general competences fostered in university curricula can positively contribute to increased employability among graduates moving to other countries. This study therefore aims to suggest an empirically-based theoretical model of competences and employability in a foreign cultural and language context. A structural equation model was used to analyse a questionnaire completed by 336 Spanish education graduates working in the UK, Germany, Poland and Spain. The results show that graduates' employability is perceived to be higher abroad than in their home country, and that general competences are transferred and used equally well by graduate students abroad. Furthermore, a high perception of employability helps reduce the difficulties of socio-cultural adaptation. The tested structural equation model suggests that general competences increase employability and reduce the difficulties of socio-cultural adaptation among graduates working abroad.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1496391
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        Value: 10.1111/ijtd.70008
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 68
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Competence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Employment Potential
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      – SubjectFull: Adjustment (to Environment)
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      – SubjectFull: Graduate Students
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      – SubjectFull: Overseas Employment
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
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      – SubjectFull: Acculturation
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      – SubjectFull: Spain
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      – SubjectFull: United Kingdom
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      – SubjectFull: Germany
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      – SubjectFull: Poland
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      – TitleFull: The Role of General Competences on Employability and Socio-Cultural Adaptation among Graduate Students Working Abroad
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            NameFull: Nerea Hernaiz-Agreda
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            NameFull: Carmen Carmona
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            NameFull: Fernando Marhuenda Fluixá
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              M: 03
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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