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Causal Pathways to Risk and Protective Factors for Partial-Day School Absenteeism for Secondary School Students

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Title: Causal Pathways to Risk and Protective Factors for Partial-Day School Absenteeism for Secondary School Students
Language: English
Authors: Knoo Lee (ORCID 0000-0002-4339-9483), Erich Kummerfeld, Barbara J. McMorris, Wendy S. Looman, Matthew K. Burns, Connie W. Delaney
Source: Journal of Adolescence. 2026 98(2):450-460.
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 11
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Secondary Education
Descriptors: Secondary School Students, Causal Models, Attendance, Day Schools, School Schedules, At Risk Students, Attendance Patterns, Incidence, Academic Achievement, Outcomes of Education, Student Surveys, Sleep, Mental Health, Learner Engagement, Intervention
DOI: 10.1002/jad.70073
ISSN: 0140-1971
1095-9254
Abstract: Introduction: Chronic absenteeism, defined as missing 10% or more school days annually, negatively impacts academic achievement and correlates with long-term risks like poverty, poor health, and criminal behavior. While prior research has focused on full-day absences, partial-day absences, missing portions of the school day, are more prevalent and may have detrimental effects on academic outcomes. Despite this significance, PDAs are underexplored, leaving gaps in understanding their prevalence, causes, and impact. This study seeks to address these gaps and provide insights to guide comprehensive absenteeism interventions. Methods: In this study we used the Kids and Teens at School framework and causal discovery analysis to model the factors causally associated with partial-day absences using secondary school student-level data (n = 125,375) from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey. The discovered model indicate specified factors as causes of PDAs and broader absenteeism patterns. Results and Conclusions: The findings highlighted a pattern of partial-day absences directly affecting full-day absences. Additional factors influencing school absences were discovered including (a) a positive association of sleep deprivation with mental health difficulties, and (b) a negative association between school engagement and partial-day absences. These findings emphasize the need for targeted policies addressing the behavioral and structural factors influencing absenteeism. Implications for practice include strategies to enhance engagement and mitigate the impact of sleep deprivation on attendance.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1496527
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Causal Pathways to Risk and Protective Factors for Partial-Day School Absenteeism for Secondary School Students
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Knoo+Lee%22">Knoo Lee</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4339-9483">0000-0002-4339-9483</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Erich+Kummerfeld%22">Erich Kummerfeld</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barbara+J%2E+McMorris%22">Barbara J. McMorris</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wendy+S%2E+Looman%22">Wendy S. Looman</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Matthew+K%2E+Burns%22">Matthew K. Burns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Connie+W%2E+Delaney%22">Connie W. Delaney</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Adolescence%22"><i>Journal of Adolescence</i></searchLink>. 2026 98(2):450-460.
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 11
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Secondary+Education%22">Secondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+School+Students%22">Secondary School Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Causal+Models%22">Causal Models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attendance%22">Attendance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Day+Schools%22">Day Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22School+Schedules%22">School Schedules</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22At+Risk+Students%22">At Risk Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attendance+Patterns%22">Attendance Patterns</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Incidence%22">Incidence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Academic+Achievement%22">Academic Achievement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Outcomes+of+Education%22">Outcomes of Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Surveys%22">Student Surveys</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sleep%22">Sleep</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mental+Health%22">Mental Health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learner+Engagement%22">Learner Engagement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intervention%22">Intervention</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
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  Data: 10.1002/jad.70073
– Name: ISSN
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  Data: 0140-1971<br />1095-9254
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: Chronic absenteeism, defined as missing 10% or more school days annually, negatively impacts academic achievement and correlates with long-term risks like poverty, poor health, and criminal behavior. While prior research has focused on full-day absences, partial-day absences, missing portions of the school day, are more prevalent and may have detrimental effects on academic outcomes. Despite this significance, PDAs are underexplored, leaving gaps in understanding their prevalence, causes, and impact. This study seeks to address these gaps and provide insights to guide comprehensive absenteeism interventions. Methods: In this study we used the Kids and Teens at School framework and causal discovery analysis to model the factors causally associated with partial-day absences using secondary school student-level data (n = 125,375) from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey. The discovered model indicate specified factors as causes of PDAs and broader absenteeism patterns. Results and Conclusions: The findings highlighted a pattern of partial-day absences directly affecting full-day absences. Additional factors influencing school absences were discovered including (a) a positive association of sleep deprivation with mental health difficulties, and (b) a negative association between school engagement and partial-day absences. These findings emphasize the need for targeted policies addressing the behavioral and structural factors influencing absenteeism. Implications for practice include strategies to enhance engagement and mitigate the impact of sleep deprivation on attendance.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1496527
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        Value: 10.1002/jad.70073
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Secondary School Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Causal Models
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      – SubjectFull: Attendance
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      – SubjectFull: School Schedules
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      – SubjectFull: Attendance Patterns
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