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Neural Signals Gradually Shift towards Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Long-Term Effects Following Facial Imitation-Based Social Learning

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Title: Neural Signals Gradually Shift towards Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Long-Term Effects Following Facial Imitation-Based Social Learning
Language: English
Authors: Qi Liu, Siyu Zhu, Can Liu, Yanmiao Yang, Chunmei Lan, Xinwei Song, Benjamin Becker, Keith M. Kendrick, Xinqi Zhou, Weihua Zhao
Source: npj Science of Learning. 2025 10.
Availability: Nature Portfolio. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://www.nature.com/npjscilearn/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Socialization, Cognitive Processes, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Social Cognition, Human Body, Nonverbal Communication, Emotional Response
DOI: 10.1038/s41539-025-00372-9
ISSN: 2056-7936
Abstract: Despite its complexity, social learning is widespread, with humans navigating social environments with ease. However, the spatiotemporal trajectory of brain changes during facial imitation-based social learning (FISL) remains unestablished. In this study, participants (N = 80) learned to imitate facial emotions across 16 sessions over one month, with mirror neuron system (MNS) activity measured via fNIRS at three timepoints. fMRI assessed long-term effects of FISL on social perception. Our findings revealed that positive FISL was facilitated by changing spatiotemporal pattern similarity within the MNS, enhancing initial imitative performance and accelerating later learning speed. As sessions increased, information flow shifted from MNS synergy toward greater inferior frontal gyrus dominance. Furthermore, long-term FISL enhanced emotional faces not scenes perception, with increased connectivity between MNS and social cognition regions (e.g., orbital frontal cortex). These results advance our understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of social learning, potentially informing neurorehabilitation approaches for social deficits through imitation-based interventions.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1496547
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Nature Portfolio. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://www.nature.com/npjscilearn/
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  Data: Despite its complexity, social learning is widespread, with humans navigating social environments with ease. However, the spatiotemporal trajectory of brain changes during facial imitation-based social learning (FISL) remains unestablished. In this study, participants (N = 80) learned to imitate facial emotions across 16 sessions over one month, with mirror neuron system (MNS) activity measured via fNIRS at three timepoints. fMRI assessed long-term effects of FISL on social perception. Our findings revealed that positive FISL was facilitated by changing spatiotemporal pattern similarity within the MNS, enhancing initial imitative performance and accelerating later learning speed. As sessions increased, information flow shifted from MNS synergy toward greater inferior frontal gyrus dominance. Furthermore, long-term FISL enhanced emotional faces not scenes perception, with increased connectivity between MNS and social cognition regions (e.g., orbital frontal cortex). These results advance our understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of social learning, potentially informing neurorehabilitation approaches for social deficits through imitation-based interventions.
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