The Language of Change among Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disability or Borderline Intellectual Functioning: Client Responses to Therapist Motivational Interviewing Skills

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Title: The Language of Change among Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disability or Borderline Intellectual Functioning: Client Responses to Therapist Motivational Interviewing Skills
Language: English
Authors: Lotte C. F. Gosens (ORCID 0000-0003-4589-7846), Jannet M. de Jonge, Robert Didden, Roy Otten (ORCID 0000-0002-9763-5875), Evelien A. P. Poelen (ORCID 0000-0003-3083-1780)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2026 39(1).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 8
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Mild Intellectual Disability, Allied Health Personnel, Interviews, Skills, Motivation Techniques, Counseling Techniques, Substance Abuse, Attitude Change
DOI: 10.1111/jar.70169
ISSN: 1360-2322
1468-3148
Abstract: Background: The link between a therapist's motivational interviewing skills and the subsequent response of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities to borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF) is unknown. This study examines this sequential relationship and describes change talk (CT) in individuals with MID-BIF during substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Method: In this study, 35 treatment sessions were sequentially coded using the Motivational Interviewing Sequential Code for Observing Process Exchanges. Observed and expected frequencies of transitions, transitional probabilities, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated in Generalized Sequential Querier software. Furthermore, frequencies of CT in IBM SPSS statistics were calculated. Results: Questions and reflections of CT and two-sided questions were followed by CT. Questions and reflections of counter change talk (CCT) and two-sided questions were followed by CCT. Individuals expressed all kinds of CT utterances. Conclusions: Questions and reflections of CT are powerful skills in evoking CT in individuals with MID-BIF during SUD treatment.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1497648
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: The Language of Change among Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disability or Borderline Intellectual Functioning: Client Responses to Therapist Motivational Interviewing Skills
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lotte+C%2E+F%2E+Gosens%22">Lotte C. F. Gosens</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4589-7846">0000-0003-4589-7846</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jannet+M%2E+de+Jonge%22">Jannet M. de Jonge</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Robert+Didden%22">Robert Didden</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roy+Otten%22">Roy Otten</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-5875">0000-0002-9763-5875</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Evelien+A%2E+P%2E+Poelen%22">Evelien A. P. Poelen</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3083-1780">0000-0003-3083-1780</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Applied+Research+in+Intellectual+Disabilities%22"><i>Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities</i></searchLink>. 2026 39(1).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: 8
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mild+Intellectual+Disability%22">Mild Intellectual Disability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Allied+Health+Personnel%22">Allied Health Personnel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviews%22">Interviews</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Skills%22">Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motivation+Techniques%22">Motivation Techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Counseling+Techniques%22">Counseling Techniques</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Substance+Abuse%22">Substance Abuse</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitude+Change%22">Attitude Change</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1111/jar.70169
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  Data: 1360-2322<br />1468-3148
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: The link between a therapist's motivational interviewing skills and the subsequent response of individuals with mild intellectual disabilities to borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF) is unknown. This study examines this sequential relationship and describes change talk (CT) in individuals with MID-BIF during substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Method: In this study, 35 treatment sessions were sequentially coded using the Motivational Interviewing Sequential Code for Observing Process Exchanges. Observed and expected frequencies of transitions, transitional probabilities, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated in Generalized Sequential Querier software. Furthermore, frequencies of CT in IBM SPSS statistics were calculated. Results: Questions and reflections of CT and two-sided questions were followed by CT. Questions and reflections of counter change talk (CCT) and two-sided questions were followed by CCT. Individuals expressed all kinds of CT utterances. Conclusions: Questions and reflections of CT are powerful skills in evoking CT in individuals with MID-BIF during SUD treatment.
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  Data: 2026
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        Value: 10.1111/jar.70169
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        PageCount: 8
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      – SubjectFull: Mild Intellectual Disability
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      – SubjectFull: Allied Health Personnel
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      – SubjectFull: Interviews
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      – SubjectFull: Skills
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      – SubjectFull: Motivation Techniques
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      – SubjectFull: Counseling Techniques
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      – SubjectFull: Substance Abuse
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      – SubjectFull: Attitude Change
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      – TitleFull: The Language of Change among Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disability or Borderline Intellectual Functioning: Client Responses to Therapist Motivational Interviewing Skills
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