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Cognitive Predictors of Adaptive Behaviour in Children with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review

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Title: Cognitive Predictors of Adaptive Behaviour in Children with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Language: English
Authors: Fernanda Silva Pereira (ORCID 0000-0003-2753-5112), Renata Maria Silva Santos (ORCID 0000-0001-5737-7712), Luiz Humberto Souza Junior (ORCID 0000-0002-4845-1826), Núbia Hadassa França Ferreira de Carvalho (ORCID 0009-0005-6407-9779), Clara de Paula Gomes (ORCID 0000-0002-7286-7063), Alice Martins Ferreira (ORCID 0009-0009-5055-3280), Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva (ORCID 0000-0002-6558-4639), Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz (ORCID 0000-0002-6606-1354), Débora Marques de Miranda (ORCID 0000-0002-7081-8401)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 2026 39(1).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 12
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Child Behavior, Behavior Problems, Executive Function, Predictor Variables, Communication Skills, Interpersonal Competence, Daily Living Skills, Cognitive Ability, Barriers, Foreign Countries, Children, Short Term Memory
Geographic Terms: United States, Australia, Israel, China, Italy
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Behavior Assessment System for Children, Pediatric Evaluation of Disabilities Inventory
DOI: 10.1111/jar.70201
ISSN: 1360-2322
1468-3148
Abstract: Background: Children with Down Syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, frequently exhibit deficits in adaptive behaviour. This systematic review aimed to identify predictors of adaptive behaviour in children with Down Syndrome. Method: The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251071028). Searches were conducted in June 2025 in PsycINFO, Scopus, ERIC, Web of Science and PubMed. Results: A total of 257 articles were yielded, of which eight met the eligibility criteria. Across studies, executive functions consistently stood out as the strongest predictors of adaptive behaviour, explaining variance in communication, socialisation and daily living skills. General cognitive skills were also associated, although with smaller effects. Conclusions: Overall, these findings highlight that deficits in executive and intellectual functioning constrain autonomy and everyday functioning in Down Syndrome, underscoring the importance of targeted interventions to improve adaptive outcomes.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1497687
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Cognitive Predictors of Adaptive Behaviour in Children with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernanda+Silva+Pereira%22">Fernanda Silva Pereira</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2753-5112">0000-0003-2753-5112</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Renata+Maria+Silva+Santos%22">Renata Maria Silva Santos</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5737-7712">0000-0001-5737-7712</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luiz+Humberto+Souza+Junior%22">Luiz Humberto Souza Junior</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4845-1826">0000-0002-4845-1826</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Núbia+Hadassa+França+Ferreira+de+Carvalho%22">Núbia Hadassa França Ferreira de Carvalho</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6407-9779">0009-0005-6407-9779</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clara+de+Paula+Gomes%22">Clara de Paula Gomes</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7286-7063">0000-0002-7286-7063</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alice+Martins+Ferreira%22">Alice Martins Ferreira</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5055-3280">0009-0009-5055-3280</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marco+Aurélio+Romano-Silva%22">Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-4639">0000-0002-6558-4639</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Leandro+Fernandes+Malloy-Diniz%22">Leandro Fernandes Malloy-Diniz</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-1354">0000-0002-6606-1354</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Débora+Marques+de+Miranda%22">Débora Marques de Miranda</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7081-8401">0000-0002-7081-8401</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Applied+Research+in+Intellectual+Disabilities%22"><i>Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities</i></searchLink>. 2026 39(1).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: 12
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Information Analyses
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Down+Syndrome%22">Down Syndrome</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Behavior%22">Child Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Behavior+Problems%22">Behavior Problems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+Function%22">Executive Function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predictor+Variables%22">Predictor Variables</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Communication+Skills%22">Communication Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interpersonal+Competence%22">Interpersonal Competence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Daily+Living+Skills%22">Daily Living Skills</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Ability%22">Cognitive Ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Barriers%22">Barriers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Short+Term+Memory%22">Short Term Memory</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Australia%22">Australia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Israel%22">Israel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Italy%22">Italy</searchLink>
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  Label: Assessment and Survey Identifiers
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Stanford+Binet+Intelligence+Scale%22">Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Vineland+Adaptive+Behavior+Scales%22">Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Behavior+Assessment+System+for+Children%22">Behavior Assessment System for Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Pediatric+Evaluation+of+Disabilities+Inventory%22">Pediatric Evaluation of Disabilities Inventory</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1111/jar.70201
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  Data: 1360-2322<br />1468-3148
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Background: Children with Down Syndrome, caused by trisomy 21, frequently exhibit deficits in adaptive behaviour. This systematic review aimed to identify predictors of adaptive behaviour in children with Down Syndrome. Method: The review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251071028). Searches were conducted in June 2025 in PsycINFO, Scopus, ERIC, Web of Science and PubMed. Results: A total of 257 articles were yielded, of which eight met the eligibility criteria. Across studies, executive functions consistently stood out as the strongest predictors of adaptive behaviour, explaining variance in communication, socialisation and daily living skills. General cognitive skills were also associated, although with smaller effects. Conclusions: Overall, these findings highlight that deficits in executive and intellectual functioning constrain autonomy and everyday functioning in Down Syndrome, underscoring the importance of targeted interventions to improve adaptive outcomes.
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  Data: 2026
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