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The Impact of Contracting on Active Participation and Alleviating Foreign Language Anxiety: A Preliminary Study

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Title: The Impact of Contracting on Active Participation and Alleviating Foreign Language Anxiety: A Preliminary Study
Language: English
Authors: Nikolina Kuruzovic (ORCID 0000-0002-8137-720X), Marija Volarov (ORCID 0000-0002-8451-6113), Valentina Ðoric (ORCID 0000-0002-4268-7299)
Source: Research in Pedagogy. 2025 15(2):445-456.
Availability: Preschool Teacher Training College "Mihailo Palov" and Serbian Academy of Education in Belgrade. Omladinski Trg 1, Vrsac, 26300 Serbia. Tel: +381-832517; Fax: +381-832517; Web site: http://research.rs
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 12
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Language Attitudes, Anxiety, Second Language Learning, Self Efficacy, College Students, Attitude Measures, Intervention, Performance Contracts, Communication (Thought Transfer), Likert Scales, Measures (Individuals), Self Concept Measures
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale, Self Efficacy Scale
ISSN: 2217-7337
2406-2006
Abstract: Our study focused on Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) within formal university education. We questioned whether the anxiety experienced during learning a foreign language could be mitigated through the contracting method. Additionally, we examined the relationship between FLA and self-efficacy. Before the onset of our experiment, all participants completed FLA and self-efficacy scales (pre-test). Initially, not all participants had hightened FLA. Subsequently, the experimental group signed a contract with the teacher, committing themselves to active participation. After three weeks, both groups completed FLA and self-efficacy scales again. Findings revealed that both groups experienced a significant reduction in FLA over time. However, we did not observe any notable differences attributable to the contracting intervention. Likewise, we did not observe significant changes in self-efficacy from either the contracting conditions or the passage of time. Notably, there was a negative correlation between FLA and self-efficacy at both measurement time points. These results also question the effectiveness of contracting methods.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1498213
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: The Impact of Contracting on Active Participation and Alleviating Foreign Language Anxiety: A Preliminary Study
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nikolina+Kuruzovic%22">Nikolina Kuruzovic</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-720X">0000-0002-8137-720X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marija+Volarov%22">Marija Volarov</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8451-6113">0000-0002-8451-6113</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Valentina+Ðoric%22">Valentina Ðoric</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-7299">0000-0002-4268-7299</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Research+in+Pedagogy%22"><i>Research in Pedagogy</i></searchLink>. 2025 15(2):445-456.
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  Data: Preschool Teacher Training College "Mihailo Palov" and Serbian Academy of Education in Belgrade. Omladinski Trg 1, Vrsac, 26300 Serbia. Tel: +381-832517; Fax: +381-832517; Web site: http://research.rs
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  Data: 12
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Attitudes%22">Language Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Learning%22">Second Language Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Efficacy%22">Self Efficacy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Students%22">College Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitude+Measures%22">Attitude Measures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intervention%22">Intervention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Performance+Contracts%22">Performance Contracts</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Communication+%28Thought+Transfer%29%22">Communication (Thought Transfer)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Likert+Scales%22">Likert Scales</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measures+%28Individuals%29%22">Measures (Individuals)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self+Concept+Measures%22">Self Concept Measures</searchLink>
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  Label: Assessment and Survey Identifiers
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Foreign+Language+Classroom+Anxiety+Scale%22">Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="SU" term="%22Self+Efficacy+Scale%22">Self Efficacy Scale</searchLink>
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  Data: 2217-7337<br />2406-2006
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Our study focused on Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) within formal university education. We questioned whether the anxiety experienced during learning a foreign language could be mitigated through the contracting method. Additionally, we examined the relationship between FLA and self-efficacy. Before the onset of our experiment, all participants completed FLA and self-efficacy scales (pre-test). Initially, not all participants had hightened FLA. Subsequently, the experimental group signed a contract with the teacher, committing themselves to active participation. After three weeks, both groups completed FLA and self-efficacy scales again. Findings revealed that both groups experienced a significant reduction in FLA over time. However, we did not observe any notable differences attributable to the contracting intervention. Likewise, we did not observe significant changes in self-efficacy from either the contracting conditions or the passage of time. Notably, there was a negative correlation between FLA and self-efficacy at both measurement time points. These results also question the effectiveness of contracting methods.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1498213
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1498213
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 12
        StartPage: 445
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Language Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Second Language Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self Efficacy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitude Measures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intervention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Performance Contracts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Communication (Thought Transfer)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Likert Scales
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Measures (Individuals)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self Concept Measures
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self Efficacy Scale
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Impact of Contracting on Active Participation and Alleviating Foreign Language Anxiety: A Preliminary Study
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            NameFull: Nikolina Kuruzovic
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            NameFull: Marija Volarov
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            NameFull: Valentina Ðoric
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
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              Value: 15
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            – TitleFull: Research in Pedagogy
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