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Combining Q Methodology and Interviews Using Mixed Methods Integration: An Exemplar Study Exploring Over-the-Counter Codeine Misuse in Australia

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Title: Combining Q Methodology and Interviews Using Mixed Methods Integration: An Exemplar Study Exploring Over-the-Counter Codeine Misuse in Australia
Language: English
Authors: Melissa Anne Kirschbaum (ORCID 0000-0002-3074-3388), Tony Barnett, Merylin Cross
Source: International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 2025 28(2):147-161.
Availability: Routledge. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 15
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Q Methodology, Interviews, Drug Abuse, Narcotics, Perspective Taking, Drug Rehabilitation, Research Methodology
Geographic Terms: Australia
DOI: 10.1080/13645579.2024.2304939
ISSN: 1364-5579
1464-5300
Abstract: Q methodological studies often incorporate post-Q sort interviews to facilitate and enrich the interpretation of identified factors. This article describes a novel approach in which Q methodology and interviews comprise separate strands which are analyzed separately then converged for further analysis. The new approach is exemplified in a study exploring over-the-counter codeine misuse in Australia. The Q methodology and interview results are summarized, integrated and then discussed, including methodological challenges. This article contributes to scholarly literature by introducing and illustrating the applicability of using mixed methods integration to combine Q methodology and interviews; providing new insights into over-the-counter codeine misuse; and proposing 'unique contribution' as an alternative descriptor to the integration fit of 'silence'.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1500225
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Combining Q Methodology and Interviews Using Mixed Methods Integration: An Exemplar Study Exploring Over-the-Counter Codeine Misuse in Australia
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Melissa+Anne+Kirschbaum%22">Melissa Anne Kirschbaum</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-3388">0000-0002-3074-3388</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tony+Barnett%22">Tony Barnett</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Merylin+Cross%22">Merylin Cross</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22International+Journal+of+Social+Research+Methodology%22"><i>International Journal of Social Research Methodology</i></searchLink>. 2025 28(2):147-161.
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  Data: Routledge. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
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  Data: Q methodological studies often incorporate post-Q sort interviews to facilitate and enrich the interpretation of identified factors. This article describes a novel approach in which Q methodology and interviews comprise separate strands which are analyzed separately then converged for further analysis. The new approach is exemplified in a study exploring over-the-counter codeine misuse in Australia. The Q methodology and interview results are summarized, integrated and then discussed, including methodological challenges. This article contributes to scholarly literature by introducing and illustrating the applicability of using mixed methods integration to combine Q methodology and interviews; providing new insights into over-the-counter codeine misuse; and proposing 'unique contribution' as an alternative descriptor to the integration fit of 'silence'.
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      – SubjectFull: Australia
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      – TitleFull: Combining Q Methodology and Interviews Using Mixed Methods Integration: An Exemplar Study Exploring Over-the-Counter Codeine Misuse in Australia
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