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Hidden Assets: Student and Teacher Introverts

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Title: Hidden Assets: Student and Teacher Introverts
Language: English
Authors: Sara Schnoor
Source: Phi Delta Kappan. 2026 107(5-6):56-60.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: N
Page Count: 5
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Extraversion Introversion, Bias, Student Participation, Environmental Influences, Educational Environment, Cognitive Style, Thinking Skills, Students, Teachers, Attention, Decision Making, Creative Thinking, Listening, Student Characteristics, Teacher Characteristics
DOI: 10.1177/00317217261434757
ISSN: 0031-7217
1940-6487
Abstract: Educational spaces often favor extroverted traits, marginalizing introverted students and educators. Sara Schnoor explores the impact of introversion bias in schools and highlights introverts' strengths, including deep thinking, strategic decision-making, and attentive listening. She offers practical strategies for fostering inclusion of introverts, such as redefining participation, creating reflective spaces, and recognizing diverse leadership styles. By addressing these biases, educators and administrators can cultivate learning environments that honor all personality types, ultimately enriching school culture and student success.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1500688
Database: ERIC
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  Availability: 1
  Value: <anid>AN0192360925;pdk01mar.26;2026Mar20.12:17;v2.2.500</anid> <jsection id="AN0192360925-1"> OTHER FEATURES</jsection> <title id="AN0192360925-2">HIDDEN ASSETS: STUDENT AND TEACHER INTROVERTS </title> <sbt id="AN0192360925-3">Introverted students and educators can flourish if schools make space for them.</sbt> <p></p> <p>Like most 7-year-olds, I enjoyed playing with my classmates during recess, but I remember a day when I desperately needed some quiet and 15 uninterrupted minutes with a book. I didn't have the physical and emotional bandwidth for epic playground battles over the best red rubber balls or the noisy chaotic play. A quick restroom request and stealthy slip back into the classroom for a book did the trick. As you might imagine, my teacher was not pleased with me — she honestly seemed very confused by my choices. This was one of many incidents that showed me how school was not built for introverts and how we are required to adapt.</p> <p>Introversion bias profoundly impacts students and educators. Whether expressed directly or indirectly, these biases shape learning environments and can influence an introvert's sense of belonging and overall success. Understanding introversion better will allow us to recognize the impact of these biases and take informed steps to address them.</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-4">Exploring introversion</hd> <p></p> <p>Introversion exists on a spectrum and is characterized by a preference for internal reflection and solitary activities over external stimulation and social interaction (Cain, 2012; Jung, 1976). Research indicates that approximately one-third to one-half of the population can be categorized as introverts (Laney, 2002). Because introverts process information differently and derive energy from solitude, they are often mistaken as being shy, but they simply require more downtime to recharge (Cain, 2012; Laney, 2002; Stevens, 2017). Though societal stereotypes frequently cast introverts as less enthusiastic or even less capable, they offer extremely valuable strengths in educational settings (Cain, 2012).</p> <p>Introverts tend to possess skills in deep thinking and analysis, focus and concentration, strategic decision making, creative thinking, and attentive listening (Cain, 2012; Laney, 2002; Stevens, 2017). While this discussion highlights tendencies often associated with introversion, it is essential to recognize that these traits exist on a continuum rather than in rigid binaries (Moskos, 2011). The presence of deep thinking and analysis in introverts does not imply its absence in extroverts, just as sociability remains a skill accessible to individuals regardless of their primary personality orientation (Cain, 2012; Jung 1976). Efforts to better understand the value of these traits can help schools begin to create opportunities for inclusion that benefit everyone.</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-5">Deep thinking and analysis</hd> <p></p> <p>In classroom discussions, introverted students take time to process information before contributing, but their responses are often insightful and well-considered (Laney, 2002). Introverted educators naturally engage in deep thinking as well, allowing them to understand and evaluate situations thoroughly before acting (Cain, 2012). This skill is valuable in schools, where complex problems require careful consideration. For example, introverted educators may excel in analyzing student data to identify underlying issues that might otherwise go unnoticed (Laney, 2002).</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-6">Focus and concentration</hd> <p></p> <p>The ability to focus for extended periods of time enables introverted students to excel in self-directed tasks and projects that require sustained attention, such as research assignments, independent reading, and complex problem-solving exercises (Helgoe, 2013). This capacity for deep concentration allows them to dive into topics with a sense of autonomy and mastery, fostering both academic achievement and a love for learning (Grant, 2016). This skill allows introverted educators to engage deeply in curriculum planning, academic research, and one-on-one student interactions without becoming easily distracted, ultimately enhancing both instructional quality and student outcomes.</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-7">Strategic decision making</hd> <p></p> <p>Introverted students' tendency toward strategic decision making helps them navigate social and academic challenges thoughtfully and make choices that align with their personal values and goals. This careful approach can result in academic perseverance, as these students are more likely to weigh options and select paths that support long-term success, even if those choices may not lead to immediate gratification (Laney, 2002).</p> <p>Introverted educators are also deliberate decision makers, a quality that can lead to more strategic, long-term planning in educational leadership (Jung, 1976). This careful approach to decision making can help introverted leaders avoid impulsive actions, instead favoring solutions that align with the institution's core mission and values. By focusing on strategic goals and calculated risks, introverts can create sustainable changes that benefit the entire school community.</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-8">Creative thinking</hd> <p></p> <p>Introverts' preference for solitary or small-group activities puts them in settings that nurture creativity, because they prefer to explore ideas without external pressures to conform (Cain, 2012). This independence allows student and educator introverts to bring fresh, innovative perspectives to the challenges they face and collaborative group projects.</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-9">Attentive listening</hd> <p></p> <p>Introverted students' attentive listening skills enable them to understand and internalize information. This quality fosters a supportive classroom dynamic, as introverted students are often highly empathetic and responsive to the ideas and emotions of their peers (Goleman, 2006). By modeling effective listening, they can encourage a classroom culture of mutual respect and understanding, benefiting both introverts and extroverts.</p> <p>Likewise, introverted educators' attentive listening fosters a supportive and inclusive environment that values diverse perspectives. Listening skills are foundational for effective teaching and leadership, as they enable educators to understand students' needs and build trusting relationships (Cain, 2012). In school leadership, listening allows introverts to integrate feedback from various stakeholders — students, staff, and families — ensuring that decisions reflect the community's collective voice.</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-10">The problem of introversion bias</hd> <p></p> <p>Throughout my personal and professional experience in education, I have found myself in many situations in which I felt pressure to conform to preferred extroverted traits and strengths. In the classroom or in professional meetings, comments about my quietness or reserved participation in discussions were a regular occurrence. I was encouraged to "say more" because my insights were valuable. The affirmation felt good, but because my contributions were not always presented with flair and frequency, it also felt like my best would never be good enough. My quiet and reflective nature was often misinterpreted as meekness, coldness, or lack of interest. When working in partners or on a small task force, I often felt a sting when others expressed surprise at all that I could bring to the task at hand.</p> <p>A learning environment that prioritizes extroverted traits, such as frequent verbal participation and social collaboration, can unintentionally marginalize introverted students (Cain, 2013; Tuovinen et al., 2020). Classroom activities that tend to reward extroverted behaviors like spontaneous participation in discussions can hinder introverted students' learning, particularly in collaborative settings where they may feel pressured to conform to extroverted norms (Cain, 2013; Helgoe, 2013).</p> <p>Introverted educators face similar challenges. Their strengths at promoting self-directed learning, deep reflection, and critical thinking (Zhang, 2007) may be undervalued in favor of more visible, extroverted teaching styles. School cultures that prioritize outgoing, visibly enthusiastic teaching can inadvertently marginalize introverted educators, affecting their career progression and perceptions of their ability (Hogan et al., 1996). This bias may result in fewer opportunities for introverted teachers to assume leadership roles.</p> <p>Despite their strengths in collaboration, deep listening, and thoughtful decision making, introverted leaders may be viewed as less authoritative or inspiring (Grant et al., 2011). Introverted leaders can excel in roles requiring empathy and careful deliberation (Judge et al., 2002). Nevertheless, educational leadership selection processes may favor extroverted traits, limiting introverts' representation in these roles (Stein & Book, 2011).</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-11">Creating space for introverts to excel</hd> <p></p> <p>My own experiences, coupled with a personal drive for success, forced me to become more comfortable with being uncomfortable and to try on traits that did not always feel natural. This ability to adapt often resulted in desired outcomes, but it always left me wondering about the cost of presenting an inauthentic version of myself.</p> <p>Increasing awareness of introversion bias is essential for creating educational spaces that recognize and leverage the strengths of all personality types so that students and educators don't have to choose to be something other than who they are. Making some changes to our classroom and school culture can help introverts show what they're capable of.</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-12">Rethink participation</hd> <p></p> <p>One of the most significant ways to support introverts is by redefining participation. Instead of only valuing verbal contributions or social engagement, we can encourage alternate forms of participation. Written reflections, small group work, and digital forums are spaces where introverted students and educators can engage in a more comfortable and thoughtful manner, at their own pace.</p> <p>Research shows that small group discussions provide a range of academic benefits, including increased academic achievement; improved attitudes toward science, math, and engineering; and enhanced persistence in these courses (Springer et al., 1999). Strategically grouping introverts with extroverts, rather than creating random groups, can foster balanced group dynamics and help each student leverage their strengths. Diverse groups are more effective when members' roles align with their personality traits (Blickle et al., 2008).</p> <p>Offering participation structures and platforms that allow introverts to process information before being asked to contribute creates a more inclusive and equitable learning environment. For example, incorporating prework that learners complete before the classroom activity can positively impact student participation (Marrs & Novak, 2004). One study illustrates that flipped classrooms, which require prework that then shapes instruction, result in improved summative assessment scores and student GPAs (DeRuisseau, 2016).</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-13">Create reflective spaces</hd> <p></p> <p>Introverted students and educators benefit from learning environments that allow for quiet reflection and independent thinking. Schools can support this by establishing both physical and temporal spaces that encourage deep, reflective thinking. Designated quiet areas or reflection times during the learning day promote a culture of mindfulness and intentionality that is very beneficial. Breaks and time for reflection can be cognitively restorative (Berman et al., 2008).</p> <p>Introverts tend to value personal space that minimizes distractions and maximizes comfort. Studies indicate that introverts often perform better in settings where they can choose their level of social exposure (Laney, 2002). Enclosed pod seating or semi-private booths provide a sense of privacy without complete isolation. Such seating arrangements allow introverts to strike a balance between isolation and selective social engagement.</p> <p>Research suggests introverts may experience higher sensory sensitivity compared to extroverts (Aron & Aron, 1997). Spaces designed for introverted reflection should avoid harsh lighting and overly stimulating colors. Natural light and soft tones help create a calm atmosphere. Natural materials, such as wood or plants, also can help reduce sensory overload, making it easier for introverts to maintain focus and clarity. Reflection rooms or quiet zones with minimal decoration and soft seating can reduce cognitive load, allowing introverts to concentrate. Quiet zones have been shown to help introverts recharge so they can engage more effectively when they return to more social or active settings (Meiklejohn et al., 2012).</p> <p>Additionally, introverts may benefit from tools that assist solitary processing, such as journals or digital tools for reflective writing. Journaling allows introverts to process their thoughts privately, enhancing self-awareness and providing a creative outlet for introspection (King, 2001). Encouraging the use of journals or tablets in reflection spaces can enhance the value of these areas for introverts.</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-14">Celebrating different personalities</hd> <p></p> <p>Encouraging self-awareness, acknowledging strengths, and celebrating diversity are essential for fostering inclusive learning environments. Embracing the strengths of all personality types, including introverts, extroverts, and ambiverts (a mix of introversion and extroversion), creates a culture of belonging and respect (Cain, 2013). True inclusivity goes beyond mere recognition; it involves actively integrating the unique attributes of each personality type into policies, teaching methods, and school culture. When all personality types are represented and valued, students and educators alike experience a sense of empowerment and increased self-efficacy (Fleeson & Gallagher, 2009).</p> <p>Strength-based approaches that emphasize individual talents allow students to confidently leverage their natural abilities, fostering positive self-concept and resilience. Students who receive feedback focused on their strengths are more likely to engage, feel valued, and experience enhanced well-being (Seligman et al., 2009). Introducing strength-based assessments, such as the VIA Character Strengths survey, can help students and educators identify and leverage their unique skills, contributing to an environment where personality diversity is genuinely celebrated (Park & Peterson, 2009). Teachers who receive training on personality and diversity awareness are more likely to create inclusive learning experiences that accommodate different participation styles (Schmidt et al., 2014).</p> <p>Challenging the stereotype that effective leaders must be extroverted is also essential in developing a diverse leadership pipeline. Highlighting the strengths of introverted leadership in administrator training programs can help schools cultivate leadership teams that reflect a range of strengths (Judge et al., 2002).</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-15">Ensuring everyone can thrive</hd> <p></p> <p>Educational organizations play a crucial role in dismantling biases to ensure that every individual can thrive. However, personality diversity should not be equated with diversity of race, gender, and disability. Those issues are much more controversial and could be highly contested in some areas. Starting conversations about diversity and bias from a place that anyone can relate to, like personality, can establish a sense of trust and safety that sets the groundwork for ongoing discussions on more complex and sensitive topics.</p> <p>Embracing introversion and creating more inclusive educational spaces involves understanding what introversion is and recognizing how the unique traits of introverts can enhance educational organizations. Acknowledging and celebrating diverse personality characteristics and their unique contributions to the learning community is worth the time and effort. By understanding introverts' needs and valuing their strengths, educational organizations can cultivate more inclusive and innovative spaces that benefit everyone.</p> <hd id="AN0192360925-16">AT A GLANCE</hd> <p></p> <p>• Schools often favor extroverted traits, marginalizing introverted students and educators, who need quiet and time to reflect.</p> <p>• Introverts tend to have strengths in deep thinking, strategic decision making, and attentive listening.</p> <p>• Redefining participation, creating reflective spaces, and recognizing diverse leadership styles can help introverts flourish.</p> <p>• Embracing different personalities can enrich the school culture and allow all students to succeed.</p> <p>PHOTO (COLOR)</p> <p>PHOTO (COLOR)</p> <p>PHOTO (COLOR)</p> <ref id="AN0192360925-17"> <title> REFERENCES </title> <blist> <bibl id="bib1" type="bt">1</bibl> <bibtext> Aron, E.N. & Aron, A. (1997). Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73 (2), 345-368.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib2" type="bt">2</bibl> <bibtext> Berman, M.G., Jonides, J., & Kaplan, S. (2008). The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature. Psychological Science, 19 (12), 1207-1212.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib3" type="bt">3</bibl> <bibtext> Blickle, G., Meurs, J.A., Wihler, A., Ewen, C., & Ferris, G.R. (2008). Personality, political skill, and job performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 723, 377-387.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib4" type="bt">4</bibl> <bibtext> Cain, S. (2013). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking. Broadway Books.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib5" type="bt">5</bibl> <bibtext> DeRuisseau L.R. (2016). The flipped classroom allows for more class time devoted to critical thinking. Advances in Physiology Education, 40 (4), 522-528.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib6" type="bt">6</bibl> <bibtext> Fleeson, W. & Gallagher, P. (2009). The implications of Big Five standing for the distribution of trait manifestation in behavior: Fifteen experience-sampling studies and a meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97 (6), 1097-1114.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib7" type="bt">7</bibl> <bibtext> Goleman, D. (2006). Social intelligence: The revolutionary new science of human relationships. Bantam Books.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib8" type="bt">8</bibl> <bibtext> Grant, A. (2016). Originals: How non-conformists move the world. Viking.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibl id="bib9" type="bt">9</bibl> <bibtext> Grant, A.M., Gino, F., & Hofmann, D.A. (2011). Reversing the extraverted leadership advantage: The role of employee proactivity. Academy of Management Journal, 54 (3), 528-550.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Helgoe, L.A. (2022). Socially quiet, academically strong: Leveraging the strengths of introverted students in higher education. Journal of Learning and Instruction, 38, 76-89.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Hogan, R., Hogan, J., & Roberts, B.W. (1996). Personality measurement and employment decisions: Questions and answers. American Psychologist, 51 (5), 469-477.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Judge, T.A., Bono, J.E., Ilies, R., & Gerhardt, M.W. (2002). Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (4), 765-780.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Jung, C.G. (1976). Psychological types (R.F.C. Hull, Trans.). Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1921).</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> King, L.A. (2001). The health benefits of writing about life goals. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27 (7), 798-807.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Laney, M. O. (2002). The introvert advantage: How quiet people can thrive in an extrovert world. Workman Publishing.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Marrs, K. A., & Novak, G. (2004). Just-in-time teaching in biology: Creating an active learner classroom using the Internet. Cell Biology Education, 3 (1), 49-61.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Meiklejohn, J., Phillips, C., Freedman, M.L., Griffin, M.L., Biegel, G., Roach, A., & Saltzman, A. (2012). Integrating mindfulness training into K-12 education: Fostering the resilience of teachers and students. Mindfulness, 3 (4), 291-307.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Moskos, P. (2011). In defense of doing nothing: The methodological utility of introversion. In I. Zake & M. DeCesare (Eds.), New directions in sociology: Essays on theory and methodology in the 21st century (pp. 160–171). McFarland & Co.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Park, N. & Peterson, C. (2009). Character strengths: Research and practice. Journal of College and Character, 10 (4).</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Schmidt, M., Zimmerman, B., & Nolker, R. (2014). Teacher identity and teaching practice in a diverse urban high school: Contextual influences. Education and Urban Society, 46 (3), 284-306.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Seligman, M.E.P., Ernst, R.M., Gillham, J., Reivich, K., & Linkins, M. (2009). Positive education: Positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Review of Education, 35 (3), 293-311.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Springer, L., Stanne, M.E., & Donovan, S.S. (1999). Effects of small-group learning on undergraduates in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 69 (1), 21-51.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Stein, S.J. & Book, H.E. (2011). The EQ edge: Emotional intelligence and your success. Jossey-Bass.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Stevens, S.M. (2017). Create your best work: How to maximize performance, minimize stress, and lead a balanced life. Wiley.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Tuovinen S, Tang X, & Salmela-Aro K (2020) Introversion and social engagement: Scale validation, their interaction, and positive association with self-esteem. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.</bibtext> </blist> <blist> <bibtext> Zhang, L.F. (2007). Do personality traits make a difference in teaching styles among Chinese high school teachers? Personality and Individual Differences, 43 (4), 669-679.</bibtext> </blist> </ref> <aug> <p></p> <p>SARA SCHNOOR is a lecturer at Governors State University, University Park, Illinois.</p> </aug>
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  Data: Educational spaces often favor extroverted traits, marginalizing introverted students and educators. Sara Schnoor explores the impact of introversion bias in schools and highlights introverts' strengths, including deep thinking, strategic decision-making, and attentive listening. She offers practical strategies for fostering inclusion of introverts, such as redefining participation, creating reflective spaces, and recognizing diverse leadership styles. By addressing these biases, educators and administrators can cultivate learning environments that honor all personality types, ultimately enriching school culture and student success.
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          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
              Value: 0031-7217
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1940-6487
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 107
            – Type: issue
              Value: 5-6
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Phi Delta Kappan
              Type: main
ResultId 1