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The Effect of Unconditional Cash Transfers on Maternal Assessments of Children's Early Language and Socioemotional Development: Experimental Evidence from U.S. Families Residing in Poverty

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Title: The Effect of Unconditional Cash Transfers on Maternal Assessments of Children's Early Language and Socioemotional Development: Experimental Evidence from U.S. Families Residing in Poverty
Language: English
Authors: Emma R. Hart (ORCID 0000-0003-3808-0838), Lisa A. Gennetian (ORCID 0000-0002-4639-7547), Jessica F. Sperber (ORCID 0000-0002-1636-5560), Renata Penalva (ORCID 0000-0001-6417-2803), Katherine Magnuson, Greg J. Duncan, Sarah Halpern-Meekin (ORCID 0000-0002-2142-5097), Hirokazu Yoshikawa, Nathan A. Fox (ORCID 0000-0003-4452-4503), Kimberly G. Noble (ORCID 0000-0003-1496-5113)
Source: Developmental Psychology. 2024 60(12):2290-2305.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 16
Publication Date: 2024
Sponsoring Agency: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH)
Administration for Children and Families (ACF) (DHHS), Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (OPRE)
Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: R01HD087384
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Poverty, Economically Disadvantaged, Poverty Programs, Preschool Children, Child Development, Developmental Delays, Social Development, Emotional Development, Mothers, Language Acquisition, Early Intervention, Family Income, Guaranteed Income
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001824
ISSN: 0012-1649
1939-0599
Abstract: Economic disadvantage has often been associated with poorer performance on measures of early childhood development. However, the causal impacts of income on child development remain unclear. The present study uses data from the Baby's First Years randomized control trial to identify the causal impact of unconditional cash transfers on maternal reports of early childhood development. One thousand racially and ethnically diverse mothers residing in poverty were recruited from four U.S. metropolitan areas shortly after giving birth. Mothers were randomized to receive either a $333/month or $20/month unconditional cash transfer for the first several years of their child's life. Maternal reports of language and socioemotional development, concerns for developmental delay, and enrollment in early intervention services were collected annually at the time of the child's first, second, and third birthdays. In this registered report, we document no statistically detectable impacts of the high-cash gift on maternal reports of child development. We discuss the significance and implications of these findings.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/DSDR/studies/37871/versions/V7
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1501415
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: The Effect of Unconditional Cash Transfers on Maternal Assessments of Children's Early Language and Socioemotional Development: Experimental Evidence from U.S. Families Residing in Poverty
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Emma+R%2E+Hart%22">Emma R. Hart</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-0838">0000-0003-3808-0838</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lisa+A%2E+Gennetian%22">Lisa A. Gennetian</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4639-7547">0000-0002-4639-7547</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jessica+F%2E+Sperber%22">Jessica F. Sperber</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1636-5560">0000-0002-1636-5560</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Renata+Penalva%22">Renata Penalva</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6417-2803">0000-0001-6417-2803</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Katherine+Magnuson%22">Katherine Magnuson</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Greg+J%2E+Duncan%22">Greg J. Duncan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarah+Halpern-Meekin%22">Sarah Halpern-Meekin</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-5097">0000-0002-2142-5097</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hirokazu+Yoshikawa%22">Hirokazu Yoshikawa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nathan+A%2E+Fox%22">Nathan A. Fox</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4452-4503">0000-0003-4452-4503</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kimberly+G%2E+Noble%22">Kimberly G. Noble</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1496-5113">0000-0003-1496-5113</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Developmental+Psychology%22"><i>Developmental Psychology</i></searchLink>. 2024 60(12):2290-2305.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
– Name: PeerReviewed
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 16
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  Label: Publication Date
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  Data: 2024
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  Label: Sponsoring Agency
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  Data: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) (DHHS/NIH)<br />Administration for Children and Families (ACF) (DHHS), Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (OPRE)<br />Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) (DHHS/NIH)
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  Label: Contract Number
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  Data: R01HD087384
– Name: TypeDocument
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poverty%22">Poverty</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Economically+Disadvantaged%22">Economically Disadvantaged</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poverty+Programs%22">Poverty Programs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Preschool+Children%22">Preschool Children</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Development%22">Child Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Developmental+Delays%22">Developmental Delays</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Development%22">Social Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotional+Development%22">Emotional Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mothers%22">Mothers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Acquisition%22">Language Acquisition</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Early+Intervention%22">Early Intervention</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Family+Income%22">Family Income</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Guaranteed+Income%22">Guaranteed Income</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
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  Data: 10.1037/dev0001824
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
  Group: ISSN
  Data: 0012-1649<br />1939-0599
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Economic disadvantage has often been associated with poorer performance on measures of early childhood development. However, the causal impacts of income on child development remain unclear. The present study uses data from the Baby's First Years randomized control trial to identify the causal impact of unconditional cash transfers on maternal reports of early childhood development. One thousand racially and ethnically diverse mothers residing in poverty were recruited from four U.S. metropolitan areas shortly after giving birth. Mothers were randomized to receive either a $333/month or $20/month unconditional cash transfer for the first several years of their child's life. Maternal reports of language and socioemotional development, concerns for developmental delay, and enrollment in early intervention services were collected annually at the time of the child's first, second, and third birthdays. In this registered report, we document no statistically detectable impacts of the high-cash gift on maternal reports of child development. We discuss the significance and implications of these findings.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
  Group: Ab
  Data: As Provided
– Name: Note
  Label: Notes
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  Data: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/DSDR/studies/37871/versions/V7
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  Data: 2026
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  Label: Accession Number
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  Data: EJ1501415
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1501415
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1037/dev0001824
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 2290
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Poverty
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Economically Disadvantaged
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poverty Programs
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Preschool Children
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Developmental Delays
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotional Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mothers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Acquisition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Early Intervention
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Family Income
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Guaranteed Income
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      – TitleFull: The Effect of Unconditional Cash Transfers on Maternal Assessments of Children's Early Language and Socioemotional Development: Experimental Evidence from U.S. Families Residing in Poverty
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