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Development and Validation of a Cross-Cultural Capital Scale for International Academic Sojourners

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Title: Development and Validation of a Cross-Cultural Capital Scale for International Academic Sojourners
Language: English
Authors: Sehrish Nawaz, Muhammad Naveed Riaz (ORCID 0000-0001-9740-0710), Muhammad Akram Riaz
Source: Journal of International Students. 2026 16(4):161-184.
Availability: Journal of International Students. 4005 Spurgeon Drive #6, Monroe, LA 71203. Tel: 318-600-5743; Fax: 318-342-3131; e-mail: jis@ojed.org; Web site: https://www.ojed.org/index.php/jis/index
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 24
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Measures (Individuals), Cultural Capital, Test Construction, Test Validity, Foreign Students, Intercultural Communication, Cultural Awareness, Undergraduate Students, Graduate Students, Foreign Countries, Student Mobility
Geographic Terms: Pakistan
ISSN: 2162-3104
2166-3750
Abstract: This research addresses the critical need for a psychometrically sound instrument to assess the multifaceted construct of cross-cultural capital among international academic sojourners. The main objective of the study was to develop and validate the cross-cultural capital scale for academic sojourners. Through rigorous qualitative (e.g., interviews with international students) and quantitative methods (e.g., exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability and validity assessments against related constructs such as cultural intelligence and ethnocentrism), the scale's dimensionality was established using data collected from a diverse sample of academic sojourners across various host cultures. Finally, four factors were extracted, including cross-cultural skills, cross-cultural attitudes, cross-cultural knowledge, and cross-cultural belief. The resulting scale is expected to provide researchers and practitioners with a valuable tool for understanding the role of cross-cultural capital in academic success, intercultural adjustment, and overall well-being among academic sojourners.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1502401
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
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  Data: Development and Validation of a Cross-Cultural Capital Scale for International Academic Sojourners
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sehrish+Nawaz%22">Sehrish Nawaz</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muhammad+Naveed+Riaz%22">Muhammad Naveed Riaz</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9740-0710">0000-0001-9740-0710</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muhammad+Akram+Riaz%22">Muhammad Akram Riaz</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+International+Students%22"><i>Journal of International Students</i></searchLink>. 2026 16(4):161-184.
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  Data: Journal of International Students. 4005 Spurgeon Drive #6, Monroe, LA 71203. Tel: 318-600-5743; Fax: 318-342-3131; e-mail: jis@ojed.org; Web site: https://www.ojed.org/index.php/jis/index
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 24
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Measures+%28Individuals%29%22">Measures (Individuals)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+Capital%22">Cultural Capital</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Construction%22">Test Construction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Test+Validity%22">Test Validity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Students%22">Foreign Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intercultural+Communication%22">Intercultural Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cultural+Awareness%22">Cultural Awareness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Undergraduate+Students%22">Undergraduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Graduate+Students%22">Graduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Mobility%22">Student Mobility</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pakistan%22">Pakistan</searchLink>
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  Data: 2162-3104<br />2166-3750
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This research addresses the critical need for a psychometrically sound instrument to assess the multifaceted construct of cross-cultural capital among international academic sojourners. The main objective of the study was to develop and validate the cross-cultural capital scale for academic sojourners. Through rigorous qualitative (e.g., interviews with international students) and quantitative methods (e.g., exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, reliability and validity assessments against related constructs such as cultural intelligence and ethnocentrism), the scale's dimensionality was established using data collected from a diverse sample of academic sojourners across various host cultures. Finally, four factors were extracted, including cross-cultural skills, cross-cultural attitudes, cross-cultural knowledge, and cross-cultural belief. The resulting scale is expected to provide researchers and practitioners with a valuable tool for understanding the role of cross-cultural capital in academic success, intercultural adjustment, and overall well-being among academic sojourners.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1502401
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    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 24
        StartPage: 161
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Measures (Individuals)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cultural Capital
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Construction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Test Validity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Intercultural Communication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cultural Awareness
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Undergraduate Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Graduate Students
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Student Mobility
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pakistan
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Development and Validation of a Cross-Cultural Capital Scale for International Academic Sojourners
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          Name:
            NameFull: Sehrish Nawaz
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          Name:
            NameFull: Muhammad Naveed Riaz
      – PersonEntity:
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            NameFull: Muhammad Akram Riaz
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            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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              Value: 2162-3104
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              Value: 2166-3750
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              Value: 16
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              Value: 4
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            – TitleFull: Journal of International Students
              Type: main
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