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The Impact of Mnemonic Prediction Errors on Episodic Memory: A Lifespan Study

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Title: The Impact of Mnemonic Prediction Errors on Episodic Memory: A Lifespan Study
Language: English
Authors: Sophie Nolden (ORCID 0000-0003-1352-5060), Gözem Turan, Oded Bein, Lila Davachi, Yee Lee Shing
Source: Developmental Psychology. 2025 61(10):1927-1940.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 14
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Mnemonics, Memory, Prediction, Preadolescents, Young Adults, Older Adults, Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Foreign Countries
Geographic Terms: Germany, United States
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001966
ISSN: 0012-1649
1939-0599
Abstract: Memory-derived predictions help us to anticipate incoming sensory evidence. A mismatch between prediction and evidence leads to a prediction error (PE). Previous research suggested that PEs enhance memory of the surprising events. Here, we systematically investigated the effect of PE on episodic memory in children (10-12 years old), younger adults (18-30 years old), and older adults (66-70 years old). Participants learned visual object pairs over 2 days. On Day 3, new objects were shown among the pairs, either after the first item of a pair (violation items), that is, instead of the second item, or between pairs (nonviolation items), that is, when no specific predictions were possible. Our results did not reveal a significant boosting effect of PE on memory in any of the age groups. In contrast, in children, violations resulted in lower memory specificity compared with nonviolations. Older adults showed lower memory specificity than the other age groups across violations and nonviolations. We conclude that the beneficial effect of PE on episodic memory may be less consistent than theoretically postulated and may not always be observed in experimental settings involving statistical learning and item-specific violations, and that children's memory specificity may even suffer from PE.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1502588
Database: ERIC
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  Data: The Impact of Mnemonic Prediction Errors on Episodic Memory: A Lifespan Study
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sophie+Nolden%22">Sophie Nolden</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1352-5060">0000-0003-1352-5060</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gözem+Turan%22">Gözem Turan</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oded+Bein%22">Oded Bein</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lila+Davachi%22">Lila Davachi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yee+Lee+Shing%22">Yee Lee Shing</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Developmental+Psychology%22"><i>Developmental Psychology</i></searchLink>. 2025 61(10):1927-1940.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: 14
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mnemonics%22">Mnemonics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Memory%22">Memory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prediction%22">Prediction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Preadolescents%22">Preadolescents</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Young+Adults%22">Young Adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Older+Adults%22">Older Adults</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Age+Differences%22">Age Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+Development%22">Cognitive Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Germany%22">Germany</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1037/dev0001966
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  Data: 0012-1649<br />1939-0599
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Memory-derived predictions help us to anticipate incoming sensory evidence. A mismatch between prediction and evidence leads to a prediction error (PE). Previous research suggested that PEs enhance memory of the surprising events. Here, we systematically investigated the effect of PE on episodic memory in children (10-12 years old), younger adults (18-30 years old), and older adults (66-70 years old). Participants learned visual object pairs over 2 days. On Day 3, new objects were shown among the pairs, either after the first item of a pair (violation items), that is, instead of the second item, or between pairs (nonviolation items), that is, when no specific predictions were possible. Our results did not reveal a significant boosting effect of PE on memory in any of the age groups. In contrast, in children, violations resulted in lower memory specificity compared with nonviolations. Older adults showed lower memory specificity than the other age groups across violations and nonviolations. We conclude that the beneficial effect of PE on episodic memory may be less consistent than theoretically postulated and may not always be observed in experimental settings involving statistical learning and item-specific violations, and that children's memory specificity may even suffer from PE.
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  Data: 2026
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PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=eric&AN=EJ1502588
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        Value: 10.1037/dev0001966
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 14
        StartPage: 1927
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mnemonics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Memory
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prediction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Preadolescents
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Young Adults
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      – SubjectFull: Older Adults
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      – SubjectFull: Age Differences
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Development
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Germany
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: The Impact of Mnemonic Prediction Errors on Episodic Memory: A Lifespan Study
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              Y: 2025
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