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Construct Validity of the Scandinavian Version of the Cognitive Assessment System

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Title: Construct Validity of the Scandinavian Version of the Cognitive Assessment System
Language: English
Authors: Niklas Fröst (ORCID 0009-0000-3267-1915), Petri Partanen, Billy Jansson
Source: Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment. 2026 44(3):259-274.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 16
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Tests, Construct Validity, Psychometrics, Children, Profiles, Media Adaptation, Translation, Factor Analysis
Geographic Terms: Sweden, Norway
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Cognitive Assessment System
DOI: 10.1177/07342829251393579
ISSN: 0734-2829
1557-5144
Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Assessment System ver.2 in Swedish and Norwegian contexts (CAS-2). Methodology: A total of 614 students (aged 5 to 18 years) were assessed using the CAS-2. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to investigate the construct validity of three competing models of the Scandinavian version of the CAS-2: a four-factor, a three-factor, and a bifactor model. The measurement invariance was tested for age and sex. Key Findings: The results indicated an acceptable to good fit for all three models. In addition, measurement invariance across sex and age groups was also supported. However, with respect to the four-factor model, the two factors (Planning and Attention) were strongly correlated, raising a discussion on the empirical and theoretical distinctiveness of these factors. Conclusions/Implications: These findings suggest that all three tested models contribute uniquely to understanding the CAS-2 but also underscore the need for further refinement and caution when drawing conclusions about cognitive profiles in the present version.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1502802
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Niklas+Fröst%22">Niklas Fröst</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3267-1915">0009-0000-3267-1915</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Petri+Partanen%22">Petri Partanen</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Billy+Jansson%22">Billy Jansson</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Psychoeducational+Assessment%22"><i>Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment</i></searchLink>. 2026 44(3):259-274.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Cognitive Assessment System ver.2 in Swedish and Norwegian contexts (CAS-2). Methodology: A total of 614 students (aged 5 to 18 years) were assessed using the CAS-2. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to investigate the construct validity of three competing models of the Scandinavian version of the CAS-2: a four-factor, a three-factor, and a bifactor model. The measurement invariance was tested for age and sex. Key Findings: The results indicated an acceptable to good fit for all three models. In addition, measurement invariance across sex and age groups was also supported. However, with respect to the four-factor model, the two factors (Planning and Attention) were strongly correlated, raising a discussion on the empirical and theoretical distinctiveness of these factors. Conclusions/Implications: These findings suggest that all three tested models contribute uniquely to understanding the CAS-2 but also underscore the need for further refinement and caution when drawing conclusions about cognitive profiles in the present version.
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        Value: 10.1177/07342829251393579
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 259
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      – SubjectFull: Foreign Countries
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Processes
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Tests
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      – SubjectFull: Sweden
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      – SubjectFull: Norway
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Assessment System
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      – TitleFull: Construct Validity of the Scandinavian Version of the Cognitive Assessment System
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