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How Do Anxiety and Depression Trajectories Vary among Black, Latinx, and Afro-Latinx Sexual Minority Young Men? Uncovering Variation in Development with Intersectional Subgroups

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Title: How Do Anxiety and Depression Trajectories Vary among Black, Latinx, and Afro-Latinx Sexual Minority Young Men? Uncovering Variation in Development with Intersectional Subgroups
Language: English
Authors: Eric K. Layland (ORCID 0000-0003-0641-408X), José E. Diaz (ORCID 0000-0002-0860-5114), Luis A. Parra (ORCID 0000-0001-8681-5240), Patricia Berglund, Michele D. Kipke (ORCID 0000-0002-1032-2324), Bethany C. Bray (ORCID 0000-0001-8627-3939)
Source: Developmental Psychology. 2025 61(11):2119-2136.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 18
Publication Date: 2025
Sponsoring Agency: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (DHHS/PHS)
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: U01DA036926
T32MH020031
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Anxiety, Depression (Psychology), African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Multiracial Persons, Males, Social Bias, Late Adolescents, Young Adults, Racism, LGBTQ People, Adolescent Development, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Change, Correlation
Geographic Terms: California (Los Angeles)
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Brief Symptom Inventory
DOI: 10.1037/dev0001968
ISSN: 0012-1649
1939-0599
Abstract: The present study investigated whether the patterns of intersectional stigma experiences were associated with differences in the developmental, parallel trajectories of anxious and depressive symptoms across the transition to adulthood among Black, Latinx, and Afro-Latinx cisgender sexual minority young men. Data were from the Healthy Young Men's Cohort Study collected semiannually from 2016 to 2020 in Los Angeles and included 426 cisgender Black, Latinx, and Afro-Latinx sexual minority young men between the ages of 18 and 25 at baseline. Multidomain latent growth modeling with a complex grouping variable was used to estimate the parallel trajectories of anxious and depressive symptoms and whether these trajectories varied based on the patterns of intersectional stigma at baseline. Models were adjusted for individually varying age of observations to approximate the growth processes from ages 18 to 29. Results demonstrated a general decline in anxious symptoms and depressive symptoms over time. Relative to all other patterns of stigma experiences, the subgroup characterized by a pattern of compounding racism and heterosexism exhibited the highest levels of anxious and depressive symptoms and an earlier peak in anxious symptoms. This compound stigma group also exhibited an earlier and the highest peak in anxious symptoms compared to all other groups. Results highlight the impact of intersecting stigma on mental health across early adult development, the need for mental health intervention early or before the transition to adulthood, and continued effort to challenge and combat racist and heterosexist biases.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/9hng3
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1503064
Database: ERIC
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  Data: How Do Anxiety and Depression Trajectories Vary among Black, Latinx, and Afro-Latinx Sexual Minority Young Men? Uncovering Variation in Development with Intersectional Subgroups
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eric+K%2E+Layland%22">Eric K. Layland</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-408X">0000-0003-0641-408X</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22José+E%2E+Diaz%22">José E. Diaz</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0860-5114">0000-0002-0860-5114</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luis+A%2E+Parra%22">Luis A. Parra</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8681-5240">0000-0001-8681-5240</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Patricia+Berglund%22">Patricia Berglund</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Michele+D%2E+Kipke%22">Michele D. Kipke</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1032-2324">0000-0002-1032-2324</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bethany+C%2E+Bray%22">Bethany C. Bray</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8627-3939">0000-0001-8627-3939</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Developmental+Psychology%22"><i>Developmental Psychology</i></searchLink>. 2025 61(11):2119-2136.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: 18
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) (DHHS/PHS)<br />National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (DHHS/NIH)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22California+%28Los+Angeles%29%22">California (Los Angeles)</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1037/dev0001968
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  Data: 0012-1649<br />1939-0599
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The present study investigated whether the patterns of intersectional stigma experiences were associated with differences in the developmental, parallel trajectories of anxious and depressive symptoms across the transition to adulthood among Black, Latinx, and Afro-Latinx cisgender sexual minority young men. Data were from the Healthy Young Men's Cohort Study collected semiannually from 2016 to 2020 in Los Angeles and included 426 cisgender Black, Latinx, and Afro-Latinx sexual minority young men between the ages of 18 and 25 at baseline. Multidomain latent growth modeling with a complex grouping variable was used to estimate the parallel trajectories of anxious and depressive symptoms and whether these trajectories varied based on the patterns of intersectional stigma at baseline. Models were adjusted for individually varying age of observations to approximate the growth processes from ages 18 to 29. Results demonstrated a general decline in anxious symptoms and depressive symptoms over time. Relative to all other patterns of stigma experiences, the subgroup characterized by a pattern of compounding racism and heterosexism exhibited the highest levels of anxious and depressive symptoms and an earlier peak in anxious symptoms. This compound stigma group also exhibited an earlier and the highest peak in anxious symptoms compared to all other groups. Results highlight the impact of intersecting stigma on mental health across early adult development, the need for mental health intervention early or before the transition to adulthood, and continued effort to challenge and combat racist and heterosexist biases.
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  Data: https://osf.io/9hng3
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  Data: 2026
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        Value: 10.1037/dev0001968
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        StartPage: 2119
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      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Depression (Psychology)
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      – SubjectFull: African Americans
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      – SubjectFull: Hispanic Americans
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