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Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Infant Socioemotional Development

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Title: Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Infant Socioemotional Development
Language: English
Authors: Rebecca Mirhashem (ORCID 0000-0003-0462-1026), Kristin Bernard, Marci Lobel, Brittain Mahaffey, Heidi Preis
Source: Infant and Child Development. 2026 35(2).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 10
Publication Date: 2026
Sponsoring Agency: Office of the Director (OD) (DHHS/NIH)
Contract Number: R21DA049827
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Descriptors: Perinatal Influences, Risk, Infants, Social Development, Emotional Development, Child Development, Mothers, Mother Attitudes, Anxiety, Depression (Psychology), Financial Problems, Parenting Styles, Pregnancy, Stress Variables, Pandemics, COVID-19, Pediatrics
DOI: 10.1002/icd.70095
ISSN: 1522-7227
1522-7219
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between a robust array of prenatal risk factors and infant socioemotional development. This prospective cohort study recruited pregnant adult U.S. women during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 1585). The majority were non-Hispanic White, partnered and college-educated. Online surveys assessed prenatal and postpartum risk, indicated by maternal anxiety, maternal depression, financial hardship, insufficient partner support, pregnancy- and postpartum-specific stress and pandemic-related stress. Infant socioemotional development was assessed at M = 11.0 months with the Baby Pediatric Symptom Checklist. In linear regression models controlling for postpartum risk and additional covariates, prenatal risk was uniquely associated with greater infant inflexibility and difficulty with routines, but not with irritability. These associations were moderated by postpartum risk. Cumulative prenatal risk is associated with some dimensions of infant socioemotional functioning above and beyond postpartum risk; postpartum factors may heighten associations between prenatal risk factors and specific aspects of infant socioemotional functioning.
Abstractor: As Provided
Notes: https://osf.io/nsfqz/?view_only=346ae2e2eb7c4070a27f54ca25e9befc
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1503833
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Infant Socioemotional Development
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  Data: English
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rebecca+Mirhashem%22">Rebecca Mirhashem</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-1026">0000-0003-0462-1026</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kristin+Bernard%22">Kristin Bernard</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marci+Lobel%22">Marci Lobel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brittain+Mahaffey%22">Brittain Mahaffey</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Heidi+Preis%22">Heidi Preis</searchLink>
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  Label: Source
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Infant+and+Child+Development%22"><i>Infant and Child Development</i></searchLink>. 2026 35(2).
– Name: Avail
  Label: Availability
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 10
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Office of the Director (OD) (DHHS/NIH)
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  Data: R21DA049827
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Perinatal+Influences%22">Perinatal Influences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk%22">Risk</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Infants%22">Infants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Development%22">Social Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emotional+Development%22">Emotional Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Development%22">Child Development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mothers%22">Mothers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mother+Attitudes%22">Mother Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anxiety%22">Anxiety</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Depression+%28Psychology%29%22">Depression (Psychology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Financial+Problems%22">Financial Problems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parenting+Styles%22">Parenting Styles</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pregnancy%22">Pregnancy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stress+Variables%22">Stress Variables</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pandemics%22">Pandemics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22COVID-19%22">COVID-19</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pediatrics%22">Pediatrics</searchLink>
– Name: DOI
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  Data: 10.1002/icd.70095
– Name: ISSN
  Label: ISSN
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  Data: 1522-7227<br />1522-7219
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between a robust array of prenatal risk factors and infant socioemotional development. This prospective cohort study recruited pregnant adult U.S. women during the COVID-19 pandemic (N = 1585). The majority were non-Hispanic White, partnered and college-educated. Online surveys assessed prenatal and postpartum risk, indicated by maternal anxiety, maternal depression, financial hardship, insufficient partner support, pregnancy- and postpartum-specific stress and pandemic-related stress. Infant socioemotional development was assessed at M = 11.0 months with the Baby Pediatric Symptom Checklist. In linear regression models controlling for postpartum risk and additional covariates, prenatal risk was uniquely associated with greater infant inflexibility and difficulty with routines, but not with irritability. These associations were moderated by postpartum risk. Cumulative prenatal risk is associated with some dimensions of infant socioemotional functioning above and beyond postpartum risk; postpartum factors may heighten associations between prenatal risk factors and specific aspects of infant socioemotional functioning.
– Name: AbstractInfo
  Label: Abstractor
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: https://osf.io/nsfqz/?view_only=346ae2e2eb7c4070a27f54ca25e9befc
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  Label: Entry Date
  Group: Date
  Data: 2026
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  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1503833
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        Value: 10.1002/icd.70095
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        PageCount: 10
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Perinatal Influences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Infants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Social Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Emotional Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child Development
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mothers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mother Attitudes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anxiety
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Depression (Psychology)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Financial Problems
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      – SubjectFull: Parenting Styles
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      – SubjectFull: Pregnancy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Stress Variables
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pandemics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: COVID-19
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pediatrics
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Perinatal Risk Factors Associated with Infant Socioemotional Development
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            NameFull: Rebecca Mirhashem
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            NameFull: Kristin Bernard
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              M: 03
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-print
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              Value: 1522-7219
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              Value: 35
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