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Funding Internationalisation of Education in Portugal: Evidence from Higher and Non-Higher Education Institutions

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Title: Funding Internationalisation of Education in Portugal: Evidence from Higher and Non-Higher Education Institutions
Language: English
Authors: Cristina Sin (ORCID 0000-0001-6039-8194), Diogo Lourenço, Cosmin Nada, Joyce Aguiar (ORCID 0000-0002-5462-4914), Luis Fernandes, Orlanda Tavares (ORCID 0000-0002-8750-2032), Ricardo Biscaia
Source: Higher Education Quarterly. 2026 80(2).
Availability: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 15
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Adult Education
Descriptors: Global Approach, Educational Finance, Foreign Countries, Financial Support, Higher Education, Career and Technical Education, Adult Education, Schools, Postsecondary Education
Geographic Terms: Portugal
DOI: 10.1111/hequ.70124
ISSN: 0951-5224
1468-2273
Abstract: This paper investigates how education and training institutions in Portugal fund internationalisation, moving beyond the traditional focus on higher education. Employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design through a nationwide survey and interviews, it reveals a two-tiered system shaped by funding availability and diversity. Higher education institutions leverage a diversified portfolio of internal, national, and European funds to fuel ambitious, competitive agendas that reflect their complex missions. In contrast, the non-tertiary sectors (School, Adult and Vocational Education) are critically dependent on a single source, Erasmus+, a dependency that channels their efforts primarily towards mobility, constraining their strategic autonomy and creating a structural inequality within the national system. The study argues that funding is not a neutral facilitator but a powerful force that influences the scope and nature of internationalisation. It concludes by proposing future research avenues and policy actions to foster more equitable international engagement across sectors.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1504011
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Funding Internationalisation of Education in Portugal: Evidence from Higher and Non-Higher Education Institutions
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cristina+Sin%22">Cristina Sin</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6039-8194">0000-0001-6039-8194</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Diogo+Lourenço%22">Diogo Lourenço</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cosmin+Nada%22">Cosmin Nada</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Joyce+Aguiar%22">Joyce Aguiar</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-4914">0000-0002-5462-4914</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luis+Fernandes%22">Luis Fernandes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Orlanda+Tavares%22">Orlanda Tavares</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8750-2032">0000-0002-8750-2032</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ricardo+Biscaia%22">Ricardo Biscaia</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Higher+Education+Quarterly%22"><i>Higher Education Quarterly</i></searchLink>. 2026 80(2).
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  Data: Wiley. Available from: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. Tel: 800-835-6770; e-mail: cs-journals@wiley.com; Web site: https://www.wiley.com/en-us
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  Data: 15
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="EL" term="%22Adult+Education%22">Adult Education</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Global+Approach%22">Global Approach</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Finance%22">Educational Finance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Foreign+Countries%22">Foreign Countries</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Financial+Support%22">Financial Support</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Higher+Education%22">Higher Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Career+and+Technical+Education%22">Career and Technical Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Adult+Education%22">Adult Education</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Schools%22">Schools</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Postsecondary+Education%22">Postsecondary Education</searchLink>
– Name: Subject
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Portugal%22">Portugal</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1111/hequ.70124
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  Data: 0951-5224<br />1468-2273
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  Data: This paper investigates how education and training institutions in Portugal fund internationalisation, moving beyond the traditional focus on higher education. Employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design through a nationwide survey and interviews, it reveals a two-tiered system shaped by funding availability and diversity. Higher education institutions leverage a diversified portfolio of internal, national, and European funds to fuel ambitious, competitive agendas that reflect their complex missions. In contrast, the non-tertiary sectors (School, Adult and Vocational Education) are critically dependent on a single source, Erasmus+, a dependency that channels their efforts primarily towards mobility, constraining their strategic autonomy and creating a structural inequality within the national system. The study argues that funding is not a neutral facilitator but a powerful force that influences the scope and nature of internationalisation. It concludes by proposing future research avenues and policy actions to foster more equitable international engagement across sectors.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1504011
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