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Designing and Evaluating a Voice-Based Chatbot System for Second Language Speaking Fluency and Learner Engagement

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Title: Designing and Evaluating a Voice-Based Chatbot System for Second Language Speaking Fluency and Learner Engagement
Language: English
Authors: Eun Young Oh (ORCID 0000-0002-4773-3098), Jaesu Choi, Donggil Song (ORCID 0000-0002-0306-6721)
Source: Journal of Educational Technology Systems. 2026 54(4):761-785.
Availability: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 25
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Second Language Instruction, Second Language Learning, Undergraduate Students, Artificial Intelligence, Audio Equipment, Speech Communication, Language Fluency, Accuracy, Instructional Effectiveness, Usability, Interaction, Educational Technology, Computer Assisted Instruction, Korean, Learner Engagement, Learning Motivation
DOI: 10.1177/00472395261435622
ISSN: 0047-2395
1541-3810
Abstract: This pilot study investigates the potential of a voice-based chatbot (EnMIA) to support speaking fluency, motivation, and engagement among undergraduate Korean language learners at a single U.S. Midwestern university. The chatbot aims to provide interactive, real-world speaking tasks accessible through multi-platforms, supporting seamless learning. Data were collected over one academic semester through pre- and post-speaking assessments and surveys. Speaking performance data indicated an improvement in fluency, though accuracy and complexity remained unchanged, in a pre-post design without control group, suggesting short-term practice may strengthen learners' ability to speak more smoothly and confidently. However, without a control group, gains cannot be solely attributed to the tool. Survey results showed high perceptions of support, design, and usability, with interactive tasks correlated with motivation. The findings highlight chatbot-supported interaction potentially enhance motivation and fluency, while pointing to the need for extended practice and targeted design to affect accuracy and complexity.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1504365
Database: ERIC
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  Data: Designing and Evaluating a Voice-Based Chatbot System for Second Language Speaking Fluency and Learner Engagement
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Eun+Young+Oh%22">Eun Young Oh</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-3098">0000-0002-4773-3098</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jaesu+Choi%22">Jaesu Choi</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Donggil+Song%22">Donggil Song</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0306-6721">0000-0002-0306-6721</externalLink>)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Educational+Technology+Systems%22"><i>Journal of Educational Technology Systems</i></searchLink>. 2026 54(4):761-785.
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  Data: SAGE Publications. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320. Tel: 800-818-7243; Tel: 805-499-9774; Fax: 800-583-2665; e-mail: journals@sagepub.com; Web site: https://sagepub.com
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 25
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: Journal Articles<br />Reports - Research
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Instruction%22">Second Language Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Second+Language+Learning%22">Second Language Learning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Undergraduate+Students%22">Undergraduate Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Artificial+Intelligence%22">Artificial Intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Audio+Equipment%22">Audio Equipment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Speech+Communication%22">Speech Communication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Language+Fluency%22">Language Fluency</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accuracy%22">Accuracy</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Instructional+Effectiveness%22">Instructional Effectiveness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Usability%22">Usability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interaction%22">Interaction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+Technology%22">Educational Technology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Computer+Assisted+Instruction%22">Computer Assisted Instruction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Korean%22">Korean</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learner+Engagement%22">Learner Engagement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Learning+Motivation%22">Learning Motivation</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1177/00472395261435622
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  Data: 0047-2395<br />1541-3810
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This pilot study investigates the potential of a voice-based chatbot (EnMIA) to support speaking fluency, motivation, and engagement among undergraduate Korean language learners at a single U.S. Midwestern university. The chatbot aims to provide interactive, real-world speaking tasks accessible through multi-platforms, supporting seamless learning. Data were collected over one academic semester through pre- and post-speaking assessments and surveys. Speaking performance data indicated an improvement in fluency, though accuracy and complexity remained unchanged, in a pre-post design without control group, suggesting short-term practice may strengthen learners' ability to speak more smoothly and confidently. However, without a control group, gains cannot be solely attributed to the tool. Survey results showed high perceptions of support, design, and usability, with interactive tasks correlated with motivation. The findings highlight chatbot-supported interaction potentially enhance motivation and fluency, while pointing to the need for extended practice and targeted design to affect accuracy and complexity.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1504365
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        Value: 10.1177/00472395261435622
    Languages:
      – Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 25
        StartPage: 761
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Second Language Instruction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Second Language Learning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Undergraduate Students
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      – SubjectFull: Artificial Intelligence
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      – SubjectFull: Audio Equipment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech Communication
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Language Fluency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Accuracy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Instructional Effectiveness
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      – SubjectFull: Usability
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      – SubjectFull: Interaction
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Technology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer Assisted Instruction
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      – SubjectFull: Korean
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learner Engagement
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Learning Motivation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Designing and Evaluating a Voice-Based Chatbot System for Second Language Speaking Fluency and Learner Engagement
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            NameFull: Donggil Song
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              Value: 54
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