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Foul Play: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Student-Athletes

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Title: Foul Play: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Student-Athletes
Language: English
Authors: Alisia G. T. T. Tran (ORCID 0000-0002-3212-2315), Kristi L. Eustice, Christina K. Lam, Jennifer Holzapfel, Jeffrey S. Mintert
Source: Journal of Diversity in Higher Education. 2025 18(5):693-703.
Availability: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 11
Publication Date: 2025
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Higher Education
Postsecondary Education
Descriptors: Student Athletes, College Environment, Attitudes, Student Attitudes, Teacher Attitudes, Racial Differences, Teaching Assistants, Affective Behavior, Peer Groups, Social Bias, African American Students, White Students, Intelligence, Stereotypes, Association Measures, Resource Allocation, Racial Attitudes
Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Implicit Association Test
DOI: 10.1037/dhe0000538
ISSN: 1938-8926
1938-8934
Abstract: This research examines the content and correlates of attitudes of campus community members toward student-athletes. While both college student peers' (Study 1, n = 169) and teaching assistants' (TAs; Study 2, n = 132) explicit warmth ratings suggested disfavorability of student-athletes, Implicit Association Tests (IAT) indicated implicit associations of intelligence and pleasantness to White student-athletes (vs. White nonstudent-athletes). Intelligence was not implicitly ascribed to Black student-athletes (vs. White student-athletes), despite both samples explicitly rating Black student-athletes favorably. Implicit attitudes were negatively linked to academic appraisals for peers but not TAs. Implicit attitudes were correlated differentially in a hypothetical funding allotment task across the samples. Results convey a dualistic (positive and negative) quality of attitudes toward student-athletes and have implications for potential biases toward student-athletes generally and Black student-athletes specifically.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1504484
Database: ERIC
FullText Text:
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  Data: Foul Play: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Student-Athletes
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Alisia+G%2E+T%2E+T%2E+Tran%22">Alisia G. T. T. Tran</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-2315">0000-0002-3212-2315</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kristi+L%2E+Eustice%22">Kristi L. Eustice</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Christina+K%2E+Lam%22">Christina K. Lam</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jennifer+Holzapfel%22">Jennifer Holzapfel</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jeffrey+S%2E+Mintert%22">Jeffrey S. Mintert</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Journal+of+Diversity+in+Higher+Education%22"><i>Journal of Diversity in Higher Education</i></searchLink>. 2025 18(5):693-703.
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  Data: American Psychological Association. Journals Department, 750 First Street NE, Washington, DC 20002. Tel: 800-374-2721; Tel: 202-336-5510; Fax: 202-336-5502; e-mail: order@apa.org; Web site: http://www.apa.org
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  Data: Y
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  Data: 11
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  Data: 2025
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Athletes%22">Student Athletes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22College+Environment%22">College Environment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Attitudes%22">Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Student+Attitudes%22">Student Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teacher+Attitudes%22">Teacher Attitudes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racial+Differences%22">Racial Differences</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Teaching+Assistants%22">Teaching Assistants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Affective+Behavior%22">Affective Behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Peer+Groups%22">Peer Groups</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+Bias%22">Social Bias</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22African+American+Students%22">African American Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22White+Students%22">White Students</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intelligence%22">Intelligence</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stereotypes%22">Stereotypes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Association+Measures%22">Association Measures</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Resource+Allocation%22">Resource Allocation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Racial+Attitudes%22">Racial Attitudes</searchLink>
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  Data: 10.1037/dhe0000538
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  Data: 1938-8926<br />1938-8934
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This research examines the content and correlates of attitudes of campus community members toward student-athletes. While both college student peers' (Study 1, n = 169) and teaching assistants' (TAs; Study 2, n = 132) explicit warmth ratings suggested disfavorability of student-athletes, Implicit Association Tests (IAT) indicated implicit associations of intelligence and pleasantness to White student-athletes (vs. White nonstudent-athletes). Intelligence was not implicitly ascribed to Black student-athletes (vs. White student-athletes), despite both samples explicitly rating Black student-athletes favorably. Implicit attitudes were negatively linked to academic appraisals for peers but not TAs. Implicit attitudes were correlated differentially in a hypothetical funding allotment task across the samples. Results convey a dualistic (positive and negative) quality of attitudes toward student-athletes and have implications for potential biases toward student-athletes generally and Black student-athletes specifically.
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  Data: As Provided
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  Data: 2026
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  Label: Accession Number
  Group: ID
  Data: EJ1504484
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        Value: 10.1037/dhe0000538
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      – Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 693
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Student Athletes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: College Environment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Student Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Teacher Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Peer Groups
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      – SubjectFull: African American Students
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      – SubjectFull: Resource Allocation
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      – SubjectFull: Racial Attitudes
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      – SubjectFull: Implicit Association Test
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      – TitleFull: Foul Play: Implicit and Explicit Attitudes toward Student-Athletes
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              Y: 2025
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