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An Examination of the Opt-Out Movement and Proficiency Rates on State Tests for Students in a High Opt-Out Region

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Title: An Examination of the Opt-Out Movement and Proficiency Rates on State Tests for Students in a High Opt-Out Region
Language: English
Authors: Amy Catalano (ORCID 0000-0003-0905-2918)
Source: Educational Studies. 2026 52(3):292-308.
Availability: Routledge. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 17
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Reports - Research
Education Level: Elementary Secondary Education
Descriptors: Common Core State Standards, Socioeconomic Status, School Districts, Minority Group Students, Academic Achievement, Activism, Testing, State Policy, Test Bias, Testing Problems, Educational Legislation, Elementary Secondary Education, Federal Legislation, Mathematics Tests, Mathematics Achievement, Language Arts, Economic Factors, Student Characteristics
Geographic Terms: New York
Laws, Policies and Program Identifiers: Every Student Succeeds Act 2015, No Child Left Behind Act 2001
DOI: 10.1080/03055698.2025.2479606
ISSN: 0305-5698
1465-3400
Abstract: A state testing boycott commencing in 2013 was driven largely by the controversial adoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). On Long Island, NY, testing boycotts were particularly high in the region, known for its high levels of diversity and segregation among its 127 school districts. Accordingly, this study describes secondary data analysis of state testing results to examine the impact of district socioeconomic status (SES), opt-out rates, and student demographic and educational characteristics on proficiency levels. Results show that low-need (high SES) districts had higher proficiency rates and lower opt-out rates than average-need districts, while high-need districts had lower opt-out and proficiency rates. Students who were economically disadvantaged, have disabilities, are in high-need districts, or are Black, Latino or Native Americans demonstrated lower proficiency in maths and ELA. In addition, opt-out rates had a small, negative and statistically significant association with proficiency.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1504587
Database: ERIC
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  Data: An Examination of the Opt-Out Movement and Proficiency Rates on State Tests for Students in a High Opt-Out Region
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="SO" term="%22Educational+Studies%22"><i>Educational Studies</i></searchLink>. 2026 52(3):292-308.
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  Data: Routledge. Available from: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. 530 Walnut Street Suite 850, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Tel: 800-354-1420; Tel: 215-625-8900; Fax: 215-207-0050; Web site: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals
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  Data: A state testing boycott commencing in 2013 was driven largely by the controversial adoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS). On Long Island, NY, testing boycotts were particularly high in the region, known for its high levels of diversity and segregation among its 127 school districts. Accordingly, this study describes secondary data analysis of state testing results to examine the impact of district socioeconomic status (SES), opt-out rates, and student demographic and educational characteristics on proficiency levels. Results show that low-need (high SES) districts had higher proficiency rates and lower opt-out rates than average-need districts, while high-need districts had lower opt-out and proficiency rates. Students who were economically disadvantaged, have disabilities, are in high-need districts, or are Black, Latino or Native Americans demonstrated lower proficiency in maths and ELA. In addition, opt-out rates had a small, negative and statistically significant association with proficiency.
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: EJ1504587
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        Value: 10.1080/03055698.2025.2479606
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      – Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 292
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Common Core State Standards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Socioeconomic Status
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: School Districts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Minority Group Students
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      – SubjectFull: Academic Achievement
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      – SubjectFull: Testing
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      – SubjectFull: State Policy
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      – SubjectFull: Test Bias
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      – SubjectFull: Testing Problems
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      – SubjectFull: Educational Legislation
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      – SubjectFull: Elementary Secondary Education
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      – SubjectFull: Federal Legislation
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      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Tests
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      – SubjectFull: Mathematics Achievement
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      – SubjectFull: Language Arts
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      – SubjectFull: Economic Factors
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      – SubjectFull: Student Characteristics
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      – SubjectFull: New York
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      – SubjectFull: Every Student Succeeds Act 2015
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: No Child Left Behind Act 2001
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      – TitleFull: An Examination of the Opt-Out Movement and Proficiency Rates on State Tests for Students in a High Opt-Out Region
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