Short-Term and Long-Term Stability of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) Calibrated Comparison Scores (CCS) and Classification Scores in Youth with Down Syndrome or Fragile X Syndrome with Intellectual Disability
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| Title: | Short-Term and Long-Term Stability of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) Calibrated Comparison Scores (CCS) and Classification Scores in Youth with Down Syndrome or Fragile X Syndrome with Intellectual Disability |
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| Language: | English |
| Authors: | Angela John Thurman (ORCID |
| Source: | Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2026 56(1):296-314. |
| Availability: | Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/ |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 19 |
| Publication Date: | 2026 |
| Sponsoring Agency: | National Institutes of Health (NIH) (DHHS) |
| Contract Number: | R01HD074346 P50HD103526 |
| Document Type: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Descriptors: | Autism Spectrum Disorders, Clinical Diagnosis, Down Syndrome, Genetic Disorders, Intellectual Disability, Comorbidity, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Diagnostic Tests, Observation, Children, Adolescents, Young Adults |
| Assessment and Survey Identifiers: | Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10803-024-06535-8 |
| ISSN: | 0162-3257 1573-3432 |
| Abstract: | Autism diagnosis in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) or Down syndrome (DS) with co-occurring intellectual disability is complex since clinicians often must consider other co-occurring behavioral features. Understanding how best to assess the features of autism in individuals with these conditions is crucial. In this study, we consider the short-term and long-term psychometric consistency of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2) calibrated comparison scores (CCSs) and ASD classifications in individuals with FXS or DS. 76 individuals with DS (39 males; M[subscript age] = 15.27) and 90 individuals with FXS (71 males; M[subscript age] = 14.52 years) completed an assessment battery (ADOS-2, abbreviated IQ assessment and semi-structured language sample) at three timepoints (initial visit, short-term stability visit, long-term stability visit). All CCSs were found to have short-and long-term consistency for both groups, with lowest reliability scores for the repetitive behaviors (RRB) CCSs. Decreased reliability of RRB CCSs was found in the DS group than the FXS group. Variable short- and long-term ASD classifications were observed in both groups, with significantly higher variability in the DS group. Across groups, participants with variable classifications had lower ADOS-2 CCSs and higher language scores than those with stable ASD classifications. In the FXS group, those with variable classifications earned higher cognitive scores than did participants with stable ASD classifications. These findings highlight the high incidence of autism symptomatology in individuals with DS or FXS and co-occurring intellectual disability, while elucidating the short- and long-term variability of symptom expression in the context of structured observational tasks such as the ADOS-2. |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2026 |
| Accession Number: | EJ1505062 |
| Database: | ERIC |
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| Abstract: | Autism diagnosis in individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) or Down syndrome (DS) with co-occurring intellectual disability is complex since clinicians often must consider other co-occurring behavioral features. Understanding how best to assess the features of autism in individuals with these conditions is crucial. In this study, we consider the short-term and long-term psychometric consistency of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2) calibrated comparison scores (CCSs) and ASD classifications in individuals with FXS or DS. 76 individuals with DS (39 males; M[subscript age] = 15.27) and 90 individuals with FXS (71 males; M[subscript age] = 14.52 years) completed an assessment battery (ADOS-2, abbreviated IQ assessment and semi-structured language sample) at three timepoints (initial visit, short-term stability visit, long-term stability visit). All CCSs were found to have short-and long-term consistency for both groups, with lowest reliability scores for the repetitive behaviors (RRB) CCSs. Decreased reliability of RRB CCSs was found in the DS group than the FXS group. Variable short- and long-term ASD classifications were observed in both groups, with significantly higher variability in the DS group. Across groups, participants with variable classifications had lower ADOS-2 CCSs and higher language scores than those with stable ASD classifications. In the FXS group, those with variable classifications earned higher cognitive scores than did participants with stable ASD classifications. These findings highlight the high incidence of autism symptomatology in individuals with DS or FXS and co-occurring intellectual disability, while elucidating the short- and long-term variability of symptom expression in the context of structured observational tasks such as the ADOS-2. |
|---|---|
| ISSN: | 0162-3257 1573-3432 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10803-024-06535-8 |
