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A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of the Science Motivation Questionnaire II

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Title: A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of the Science Motivation Questionnaire II
Language: English
Authors: Dilek Karaca (ORCID 0000-0001-8004-4211), Bahadır Namdar (ORCID 0000-0002-5076-6034), Fulden Güler Nalbantoğlu (ORCID 0000-0002-1233-6666), Begümay Tümer (ORCID 0000-0003-4708-2034), Burak Aydin (ORCID 0000-0003-4462-1784)
Source: International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education. 2026 24(2).
Availability: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
Peer Reviewed: Y
Page Count: 26
Publication Date: 2026
Document Type: Journal Articles
Information Analyses
Descriptors: Science Education, Student Motivation, Questionnaires, Likert Scales, Test Reliability, Construct Validity, Generalization, Meta Analysis, Scores, Sample Size
DOI: 10.1007/s10763-025-10637-9
ISSN: 1571-0068
1573-1774
Abstract: Science motivation is among the most important constructs affecting students' science learning and scientific thinking skills. One commonly utilized scale to measure students' science motivation is the Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II), a 25-item, Likert-type, self-report scale. This study aimed to conduct a reliability generalization meta-analysis of the scale considering the Reliability Generalization Meta Analysis (REGEMA) guideline. Studies included in the analysis implemented the instrument between 2011-2024 and reported a Cronbach alpha value. Reliability evidence from 49 studies reporting a coefficient for the total score or at least for one of the five subscale scores was analyzed using a random effects model and Bonett's transformation. The pooled Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was 0.94 for the total score and ranged from 0.83-0.88 for the subscale scores. Moderator analyses showed generally similar reliability estimates across studies, with different study types, languages, sample types, or sample sizes for the subscales. However, the test version, sample type, sample size, and female representation in the sample showed differences in reliability estimates for the total score. The empirical evidence from the SMQ-II's first 13 years reports high internal consistency across the scale's scores.
Abstractor: As Provided
Entry Date: 2026
Accession Number: EJ1505172
Database: ERIC
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dilek+Karaca%22">Dilek Karaca</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-4211">0000-0001-8004-4211</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bahadır+Namdar%22">Bahadır Namdar</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-6034">0000-0002-5076-6034</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fulden+Güler+Nalbantoğlu%22">Fulden Güler Nalbantoğlu</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-6666">0000-0002-1233-6666</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Begümay+Tümer%22">Begümay Tümer</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4708-2034">0000-0003-4708-2034</externalLink>)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burak+Aydin%22">Burak Aydin</searchLink> (ORCID <externalLink term="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4462-1784">0000-0003-4462-1784</externalLink>)
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  Data: Springer. Available from: Springer Nature. One New York Plaza, Suite 4600, New York, NY 10004. Tel: 800-777-4643; Tel: 212-460-1500; Fax: 212-460-1700; e-mail: customerservice@springernature.com; Web site: https://link.springer.com/
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  Data: Science motivation is among the most important constructs affecting students' science learning and scientific thinking skills. One commonly utilized scale to measure students' science motivation is the Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II), a 25-item, Likert-type, self-report scale. This study aimed to conduct a reliability generalization meta-analysis of the scale considering the Reliability Generalization Meta Analysis (REGEMA) guideline. Studies included in the analysis implemented the instrument between 2011-2024 and reported a Cronbach alpha value. Reliability evidence from 49 studies reporting a coefficient for the total score or at least for one of the five subscale scores was analyzed using a random effects model and Bonett's transformation. The pooled Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was 0.94 for the total score and ranged from 0.83-0.88 for the subscale scores. Moderator analyses showed generally similar reliability estimates across studies, with different study types, languages, sample types, or sample sizes for the subscales. However, the test version, sample type, sample size, and female representation in the sample showed differences in reliability estimates for the total score. The empirical evidence from the SMQ-II's first 13 years reports high internal consistency across the scale's scores.
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